ZMapp, Favipiravir, Antivirals, kuma da fatan more
Amsar mai sauki: ba mu san ba, amma muna fatan.
Kafin cutar Ebola ta yadu a Afirka ta Yamma 2013 zuwa 2015, babu wani magani da aka gwada a cikin mutane. Da zarar annoba ta ɓace, ana ba da magunguna sosai saboda tausayi. Magunguna sun karbi jiyya kuma sun inganta. Duk da haka, adadin marasa lafiya ya kasance ƙananan, magunguna sau da yawa ana amfani da su, kuma saboda dalilai na dabi'a babu wanda aka kwatanta da wuri.
Jiyya na marasa lafiya da suka haɗa da inganta sun hada da: ZMapp, favipiravir, da jini daga masu tsira. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken da cutar ta TKM-Ebola ta kasa nuna duk wani amfani. Duk da haka, kafin farko kafin kayan aikin farko suka fita, akalla mutane 10 sun karbi ZMapp a Amurka, Laberiya, Spain da Birtaniya. Sai kawai 2 suka mutu. Akalla daya ya karbi favipiravr (a Faransa) da TKM (a Amurka) kuma suka tsira. Daga baya marasa lafiya sun fara Brincindofovir - daya ya mutu. Duk da haka daga wannan, yana da wuya a gaya wa wasu daga cikin kwayoyi ba tare da gwajin gwagwarmaya ba, ko magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi ko kulawa mai kyau, ya bambanta.
Duk da haka, muna fatanmu. Maganar mutuwar mummunan cutar Ebola (EBOV, Zaire) wanda ke yadawa a Yammacin Afrika ya zama babban matsayi. Da farko an yi la'akari da cewa har zuwa 80-90% (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin annoba a wasu wurare). Ya bayyana yana da 45-60% a Afirka ta Yamma. Kyakkyawan kulawa na iya rage yawan mutum zuwa 1 a cikin 3.
Har ila yau yana da wuya a kwatanta yawan rayuwa kamar yadda akwai jinkirin jinkiri don neman kulawa ko kuma a canja shi don kulawa.
Matsalar ita ce: hannun jari na ZMapp ya fita.
Amma yanzu yanzu yana samun samuwa - amma gaggawa ya wuce.
WHO (Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya) da hukumomin gwamnati, ciki har da FDA (FDA Drug Administration), suna tallafawa amfani da jin kai da gwajin wadannan kwayoyi.
Duk da haka, ba tare da tabbacin cewa magani yana rayayye ba, akwai damuwa cewa abin da zai iya zama mai ceton rayuka na iya zama cutarwa - ko kuma kawai ya dame shi daga kulawa na ceto.
To, ina ne wannan ya bar mu?
Convalescent Serum
Yin gwajin farko na cutar Ebola ya fara ne tare da canza jini daga wadanda suka tsira zuwa wadanda ke fama da kwayar cutar don yaki da cutar. Wani mai bincike ya tsira bayan bin cutar Ebola a shekarar 1976 (da kuma likitan da ya kamu da cutar a shekarar 2014) bayan an sake shi sai dai ba shi da tabbacin cewa magani ya taimaka. Daga baya a shekarar 1995, an ba da marasa lafiya 8 da jini kuma 7 suka tsira, yayin da mafi yawan (80%) suka mutu. Binciken na gaba, ya nuna ba zai iya amfani da cutar ba (hadarin yana ƙaruwa a matsayin lokaci tun lokacin kamuwa da cuta da kuma fashewa na farko). Duk da haka, Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna sha'awar nazarin fassarar jini, a matsayin masu tsira, ba kamar kwayoyi ba, annoba ta haifar da su (ko da yake bankin bankin zai iya iyakance).
An yi amfani da fashewar jini ta Convalescent a Afirka ta Yamma, har ma da akalla marasa lafiya uku a Amurka.
Monoclonal Antibody
Magunguna, waɗanda aka samo a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ba daga jini ba, sun kasance mafiya kyakkyawan magani har yanzu. Ɗaya daga cikin kwayoyi, ZMapp daga Mapp Biopharmaceutical, wani nau'i ne na kwayoyin 3 (watau ma'anar musamman) waɗanda aka yi wa mutum (daga glycoproteins).
Wannan magani, ta hanyar ciwon maganin maganin 3, ya nuna haƙuri. Abin takaici, ƙididdigar magungunan ƙwayoyi sun fita, kodayake samar da miyagun ƙwayoyi suna shirya (ta hanyar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire wanda zai kara girma). FDA ta ba da damar yin amfani da wannan magani ba tare da izini ba saboda marasa lafiya a lokacin da ake samuwa.
Antibiral magunguna
Drugs iya kai tsaye yaki da cutar. Akwai magungunan kwayoyi masu magunguna: TKM-Ebola (Tekmira Corporation), BCX4430, (Biocryst Corporation), AVI-7537 (Sarepta), Favipiravir (Fujifilms)
Wasu kwayoyi basuyi aiki ba. An dakatar da gwajin TKM-Cutar a watan Yuni na 2015 saboda ba a yi tasiri ba. An yi fatan cewa ta hanyar amfani da irin RNA (ƙananan ƙwayoyin RNA da ake kira zuwa RNA) wanda zai iya dakatar da cutar daga yadawa.
Yana amfani da RNA guda biyu masu tayar da hankali don dakatar da maganin kwayoyin halitta ga 3 sunadaran cutar Ebola (Zaire Ebola L polymerase, Magunguna na Viral Viral (VP24), da VP35). Lab da Labarin dabba sun ci nasara (ciki har da irin wannan cutar, Marburg). Damuwa game da mummunar amsawar da aka yi ba tare da jinkiri ba, har yanzu FDA tana hanzarta yin hakan.
BCX4430 suna aiki ne don tsarin DNA / RNA (adenosine nucleoside analog) tsayar da magungunan cutar; An yi nasara a cikin gwaji. 401.
F avipiravir , likita da aka yarda da cutar a Japan ya kasance mai tasiri a cikin dabbobin dabba kuma an miƙa shi a matsayin magani ga cutar. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana da alamar analogic nucleotide da hana ci gaba da maganin hoto.
Brincidofovir (BCV, CMX001) ba a ƙara tayar da shi ba saboda cutar. Bincike yanzu an mayar da hankali akan wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar Adenovirus da CMV.
A gaskiya ma, BCV an ci gaba don amfani da kwayoyin DNA - CMV (Cytomegalovirus), Adenovirus. Cutar cutar RNA ne, ba cutar DNA ba. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya zama cidofovir a cikin sel. An yi amfani da wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da CMV da sauran kwayoyin DNA, kamar papillomaviruses. Cidofovir wata alama ce ta nucleotide; yana ƙaddamar da tsari na DNA kuma yana tsangwama ga cigaban DNA a cikin kwayoyin DNA. Ba a yi amfani dashi ba a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta na RNA kamar cutar Ebola. Duk da haka, kamfanin da ya sanya Brincindofovir, Chimerix, nazarin binciken bincike a CDC, NIH ya nuna aikin cutar Ebola, wanda shine labarin da aka yi amfani da ita a yayin da aka yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi lafiya a cikin mutane, kodayake ba a tabbatar da cutar Ebola ba dabbobi ko mutane duk da haka. Zai zama maganin maganin maganin maganin cutar, wanda ya ba da hadari na allurar rigakafi tare da cutar Ebola, zai yi alkawarin. (Brincindofovir ya ƙunshi lipid, ko maira, rabo mai launi ga cidfovir, wanda ya ba da damar haɗiye miyagun ƙwayoyi, ba a injecta) ba.
AVI-7537 yana amfani da kwayar RNA da aka gyara don kuma kai farmaki akan furotin VP24.
Magunguna da aka amince
Hanyar mafi sauki da za a magance cutar Ebola shine gano wata miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka sani da lafiya cewa yana da tasiri ga cutar Ebola. Kwayoyin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafi don maganin cutar Ebola sun gano S masu zaɓin masu karɓar isrogen receptor (SERMs), irin su Clomiphene da Torimefene da ake amfani dasu ga haihuwa mata da magani na nono, a matsayin magunguna.
Sauran kwayoyi masu yiwuwa ne. Cutar yana rinjayar rikici na jini wanda zai haifar da yatsa sannan kuma zub da jini. Wani kwayar (sabon) magani mai yiwuwa ya shafi kullin rNAPC2 anyi nazari da magungunan da aka sani, rhAPC (Protein C) wanda ke kunshe da wasu fata. Haka kuma, wasu suna jayayya game da kwayoyi masu rage ƙwayar cholesterol dangane da wasu cututtuka. Haka kuma, an duba interferon don amfani da cutar. Daya likita ya yi amfani da kwayar cutar HIV, Lamivudine, analogic nucleoside, a cikin marasa lafiya na Ebola wanda zai haifar da ƙarin binciken.
Magungunan Magunguna
FDA ta gargadi game da amfani da magungunan marasa lafiya. Yawancin kwayoyi sunyi kyau - a hankali - amma ba tare da gwajin ba, bai tabbata ba ko suna da taimako ko cutarwa.
Alurar riga kafi
A alurar rigakafi don hana kamuwa da cuta zai zama manufa. Akwai maganin alurar riga kafi wanda aka gwada kuma yana da tasiri.
Kafin cutar ta 2013-2015, akwai maganin rigakafin da aka samo don cutar, amma ba a gwada su ba. Ɗaya daga cikin maganin alurar rigakafi an gwada shi a kan wani mai haƙuri; yana iya taimakon bayan mai bincike na cutar Ebola a 2009. Wannan maganin alurar rigakafi, VSV alurar rigakafi (magunguna vesicular stomatitis virus da ke nuna cutar Ebola a glycoprotein) an kara gwadawa a cikin samfurin dabba (amma ba a kan wani mutum ba) kuma an nuna shi mai tasiri har har zuwa sa'o'i 24 bayan watsawa. Cutar ta VSV da aka gwada ta kuma nuna ya zama tasiri a Guinea.
Da farko a cikin annoba, akwai kungiyoyi masu yawa da gwamnatocin da suka yi aiki don gwaji da yin amfani da maganin alurar riga kafi. Gwamnatin Kanada ta ba da gudummawar rarraba hannun jari da aka samu na wannan maganin gwaji. NIH ta ba da shawara don gwada dan takarar rigakafi da sauri. Gwamnatin kasar ta daga baya a shekarar 2015 ta fara gwada maganin alurar riga kafi, ta hanyar amfani da adenovirus-vector.
A ƙarshe, akwai ƙwayoyi masu yawa. Abin takaici, yawancin gwaji zai yi latti don taimakawa dubban mutane da suka mutu a 2013-2015. Har ila yau, ya fi wuya a gwada maganin alurar riga kafi idan akwai ƙananan cututtuka.