Muscular dystrophy (MD) wani rukuni ne da ake kira " X-linked" cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta wanda ke haifar da rauni na tsoka da kuma ragewar tsokoki na ƙwanƙun ƙwayar cuta. A cewar Cibiyoyin Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya, wasu nau'o'i na MD sun bayyana a lokacin haihuwa ko ƙuruciyar yara yayin da wasu ba su bayyana ba har zuwa tsakiyar shekaru ko daga baya.
Dalili na Hadarin
Kasancewa da X-linked, dystrophy na kwayoyin kusan kusan yana rinjaye maza, tare da yarinya maza suna samun maye gurbin daga mahaifiyarsu.
A game da kashi daya bisa uku na yara tare da dystrophy na muscular, mahaifiyar su ba mota ce ga MD ba kuma sun bunkasa shi a matsayin sabon maye gurbin.
Kimanin 1 a kowace yara 3,500 zuwa 5000 aka haifa tare da MD, tare da kimanin 400 zuwa 600 a kowace shekara a Amurka.
Duchenne MD ne mafi yawan al'ada na dystrophy na kwayar cutar kuma an lalacewa saboda rashin dystrophin gina jiki. Wannan mummunar cuta ce da ke ci gaba da hanzari, tare da mafi yawan wadanda suke fama da su (wadanda kusan kusan yara) ba su iya yin tafiya a shekaru 12 ba kuma suna buƙatar numfashi don numfashi.
Becker MD yana kama da amma ya fi tsanani fiye da Duchenne MD. Facioscapulohumeral MD yakan fara ne a cikin shekaru matasa kuma yana haifar da rauni a cikin tsokoki na fuska, makamai, kafafu, da kuma kusa da kafa da kirji. Ya cigaba da sannu a hankali fiye da yadda Duchenne ya kasance da kuma bayyanar cututtukan da ke fama da rashin lafiya.
Maganin mafi girma na wannan cuta shine Myotonic MD. Hanyoyin bayyanarsa sun hada da tsofaffin ƙwayoyin cuta, cataracts, da endocrin da nakasa na zuciya.
A cewar Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka, "akwai wasu jiyya da zasu iya taimakawa wajen rage ciwon tsoka, irin su yin amfani da steroid, amma babu magani."
Kwayoyin cututtuka na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin yara
Alamun Duchenne MD na farko sun fara nuna lokacin da yaro yana da shekaru 3 zuwa 6 da haihuwa kuma suna lura cewa ɗayansu yana fama da matsalolin motar.
Yaron yana iya saukowa sau da yawa, yana da wahala ta tashi lokacin da yake zaune ko kwance, ko kuma yana da matsala ta hawa hawa. Yara suna iya tafiya tare da kafadu a juya baya ko a yatsun su a cikin nau'i, ko kuma ana jinkirta yin tafiya a kansu. Iyaye na iya lura cewa yaron ya kara ƙwayar ƙwayar maraƙi, saboda pseudohypertrophy. Samun gajiya sauƙi a yayin aikin jiki na yau da kullum shine wata alama ce ta MD.
Sanin asali
Idan dan jaririn da ake zargi da cewa yarinya na iya samun dystrophy na muscular, za su iya farawa ta hanyar gwada ƙwayar cutin kinase (CK) a cikin yarinyar ɗanku. Wannan enzyme tsoka yana da matukar girma a cikin yara tare da dystrophy na muscular.
Idan likita ya gano babban matakin CK, za su iya yin gwajin DNA don neman maye gurbi a cikin jinsi wanda ke haifar dystrophin. Idan wannan gwajin kwayoyin ya zama mummunan, to, za a iya yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta don tabbatar da ganewar asibiti na muscular dystrophy.
Binciken yara
Kodayake yana yiwuwa a yuwuran jarirai don dystrophy na muscular ta hanyar gwada ƙananan halayen haɓakar haifa, ba za'a yi ba. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsaloli shi ne kawai kimanin kashi 10 cikin dari na jarirai da ƙananan matakin CK za su kasance da dystrophy na muscular. Sauran kashi 90 zai sami matakin CK wanda ya koma al'ada lokacin da suke da 'yan makonni.
Jiyya
NIH ta bayar da rahoton cewa, "maganin MD ya bambanta bisa ga irin MD da ci gaba da cutar." Wasu lokuta na iya kasancewa mai sauƙi da ci gaba sosai a hankali a kan al'ada na yau da kullum, yayin da wasu lokuta na iya samun ci gaba da ci gaba da rauni na tsoka, rashin aiki na aiki, da hasara na iya tafiya. Idan yaro yana da tantancewar MD, za ka iya koyo game da batun ɗanka yayin da kake gina ƙwararren likitocin likita.
Sources:
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka. Duchenne / Becker Jiyya da Kulawa. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/musculardystrophy/treatments.html.
Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasar. Muscular Dystrophy Information Page.
> https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Muscular-Dystrophy-Shinin-Page.