Kowace shekara, ci gaba a dukkanin maganin da fasaha ya haifar da sababbin hanyoyin da za a iya magance cutar sankarar bargo da lymphoma kuma don taimakawa kula da waɗanda suka riga sun samu ko a halin yanzu suna shan magani. A wasu lokuta, irin wannan ci gaba na hakika ne kawai akan ingantaccen fasahar zamani, yayin da wasu suna wakiltar sabuwar fasahar fasahohi da sauran fasahohin da ba su da kyau.
Wadannan su ne ci gaba hudu da aka binciko a cutar sankarar bargo da lymphoma da ke kulawa da hanyoyi daban-daban na bincike a shekara ta 2017.
1. Rituximab injectable
Rituximab , wanda ake tsarawa a cikin kwayoyin halitta, ya zama daya daga cikin ginshiƙan farfadowa na wasu ƙwayoyin lymphomas marasa Hodgkin. Ana iya haɗuwa da lymphomas a cikin kashi biyu, Hodgkin da wadanda ba Hodgkin, ko NHL.
Rituximab ya nuna amfani da wasu gabatarwa na biyu daga cikin nau'o'in NHL mafi yawan su :
- Lymphoma follicular
- Yada babban B-cell NHL (DLBCL)
Har ila yau Rituximab ya nuna amfani da shi a wasu gabatarwar cututtuka masu zuwa:
- Labaran cutar sankarar lymphocytic na yau da kullum
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Wegener granulomatosis
- Polyangiitis microscopic
- Tsari na thrombocytopenic ba tare da izini ba (ITP)
- Harshen masu amfani
Abokin Abokin Triedhered
Tare da dukkanin wadannan hanyoyi daban-daban, da kuma rituximab irin wannan farfadowa a NHL, masu yin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi suna kallo akan rituximab don ganin idan za'a iya canzawa daga wani maganin jini (IV) zuwa ga wanda za'a iya ba shi a matsayin harbi.
Idan kun kasance mai haƙuri da ake buƙatar magani na IV, to, ku san roko na canza wannan magani zuwa wani abu da za a iya ba a matsayin harbi.
A lokacin da aka ba da ritualimab a cikin intravenously, an rataye ku a jakar a kan jigon IV, kuma zabe a kan ƙafafun tare da jakar jingina ya zama "abokin tarayya" a cikin sa'o'i ko fiye.
Yawanci wannan yana iya nufin cewa, idan kana bukatar ka je gidan wanka, kana buƙatar yaɗa 'abokin tarayya' tare da ku. Wani lokaci, za a iya yin murmushi mai tsanani da ƙararrawa daga sauti na IV yayin da kake ƙoƙarin karantawa, duba TV ko kawai karɓar tunaninka. Ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar ta jini, yawancin lokuta irin wannan farfadowa na iya zama a cikin ayyukan, don haka duk wani abu da zai taimaka wajen rage wannan nauyin ya zama maraba.
Sabuwar Magani
Sabuwar magungunan halitta shine cakuda rituximab da wani abu da ake kira hyaluronidase, wanda ke taimakawa wajen fitar da magunguna a karkashin fata. An amince da amincewar Amurka a lokacin rani na 2017, kuma an riga an amince da ita a Turai. Idan aka ba a cikin fata, za'a iya gudanar da shi a cikin minti 5 zuwa 7, idan aka kwatanta da sa'a daya da rabi ko fiye don ritualimab. Yawancin karatu sun nuna cewa sabuwar tsarin rituximab da aka bayar a karkashin fata yana da lafiya kuma yana aiki da ritualimab mai ciki, wanda zai haifar da irin wannan magani a cikin jini. An amince da sakon da aka yi a cikin Tarayyar Turai tun shekarar 2014. Idan FDA ta yarda da ita, IV rituximab zai ci gaba da kasancewa ga marasa lafiyar Amurka.
2. Algorithm na Kwamfuta don Murajirun sankarar myeloid mai tsanani
Shin ba zai zama mai girma ba idan likitoci zasu iya gano wanda zai iya sake dawowa bayan magani kuma wanda zai iya shiga gafara?
To, masu bincike da Cibiyoyin Cancer na Duniya ke tallafawa, da sauran kungiyoyi, suna aiki akan yin haka, ta yin amfani da kwakwalwa.
Murar cutar sankarar myeloid mai tsanani
Kwayar cutar sankarar mireloid mai tsanani (AML) shine irin ciwon daji na jini wanda jinsunan jini masu tasowa suka gina cikin sauri a cikin kasusuwan kasusuwa kuma suna tsangwama ga samar da kwayoyin jini na al'ada. Akwai manyan rukunin cutar sankara guda hudu-biyu mai tsanani, ko yawan ciwon leukemias da sauri, da kuma 2 na yau da kullum, ko kuma masu girma da yawa. AML shi ne mafi yawan al'ada, ko karuwar cutar sankarar sauri a cikin manya. AML shine karo na biyu na cutar sankarar bargo a cikin yara, kuma cutar sankarar bargo, a gaba ɗaya, ita ce ciwon daji mafi yawan gaske na yaro.
Binciken da aka fitar da bayanai
Samar da ganewar asali na AML yana buƙatar sanin sakamakon wasu gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje, baya ga alamu da alamun cutar da cutar ta kasance. Wannan na yawanci ya haɗa da wani abu da ake kira cytometry mai gudana, hanya ta ƙididdigewa da kuma rarraba ƙirar microscopic cikin ruwa; a wannan yanayin, Kwayoyin cutar sankarar bargo da alamunsu, sunadarin sunadarin sunadarin sunadarai da sunadarin sunadarai wadanda suke ganewa a matsayin sassan jikin. Yin nazarin bayanan bayanai daga shafukan yanar gizo na yau da kullum zai iya zama cin lokaci.
Shigar: Smarter Computers
Masu bincike daga Jami'ar Purdue da Cibiyar Cancer ta Roswell sun yi aiki a kan algorithm kwamfutar da ke aiki da na'ura wanda zai iya taimakawa a wannan gaba, kuma sun yi imanin cewa zai iya cire bayanai daga bayanan da aka fi mutum.
Kayan aiki yana nufin wani reshe na kimiyyar kwamfuta da ke hulɗa da kwakwalwa wanda zai iya fadada wasu ayyukan da aka tsara ko nazari ta hanyar "kwarewa," ba tare da an tsara su ba da gangan don haka. Rundunar ta ruwaito cewa suna iya amfani da bayanan cytometry masu gudana don tantance sakamakon rashin lafiya tsakanin 90 zuwa 100 bisa dari daidai.
3. Smarter Scanning don Duba don sakewa
Rabin dukkan marasa lafiya da lymphoma na Hodgkin da kuma yaduwar babban lymphoma na B-cell (mafi yawan al'umar lymphoma ba Hodgkin) za su sake dawowa kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin magani. Idan aka ba wannan lissafin, sau nawa ya kamata irin wannan marasa lafiya ya kamata a bincikar tabbatar da cewa ciwon daji bai dawo ba?
Me yasa ba sa ido? Shin mafi alheri fiye da raye, dama?
Idan tsarin kallon na yau da kullum zai iya gano sake dawowa da wuri, lokacin da babu alamomi, kuma idan wannan ingantaccen rayuwa ga marasa lafiya, wannan zai zama abu mai kyau, amma akwai tambayoyin da basu amsa ba a wannan yanki.
A gefe, yana da alama zai zama kyakkyawan ra'ayi ga mutanen da aka magance su don waɗannan cututtuka don yin nazari na yau da kullum, don tabbatar da cewa cutar ba ta dawo ba. Wannan gaskiya ne ga wani batu, amma a gefe ɗaya na ƙayyadaddun, raɗaɗɗen raɗaɗɗa daga irin wannan ƙyamar yana ɗauke da haɗari na inganta ƙetare na biyu. Ba za ku so mutanen da ke cikin haɗari sosai ba don sake dawo da su, wanda cutar ta rigaya ta cika da farfadowa mai kyau, da za a fuskanci bala'i mai mahimmanci, yada su zuwa radiation, neman sake dawowa wanda ba zai taba faruwa ba. Wani ra'ayi shi ne cewa lamarin ƙarya ya faru. Bisa ga binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na marasa lafiya sunyi magance sakamakon binciken da ba daidai ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin damuwa da kuma maganin aikin likita.
Masu bincike daga Jami'ar Emory kuma daga Mayo Clinic kwanan nan sun buga sakamakon daga binciken da suka gudanar don bincika wasu tambayoyin. Sun kimanta aikin kulawa da kamfani a sake ganowa kuma sake nazarin tasirinta akan rayuwa don sake dawowa marasa lafiya da lymphoma Hodgkin ko DLBCL lymphoma ba Hodgkin. Yawanci, sun gano cewa shafukan da ke cikin halin yanzu ba su gano mafi yawan komawa baya kafin alamar asibitoci da alamun cututtuka ko inganta rayuwa.
Fahimtar ƙwayar cuta mafi girma
Wannan ya ce, ba dukan mutane a kungiyoyi da aka bincika a cikin wannan binciken sun kasance suna fuskantar haɗari na sake dawowa ba. Don haka, wannan ya kawo wannan tambaya, wacce ƙungiyoyin marasa lafiya suke da haɗari don sake dawowa da amfani da kulawa da ido na yau da kullum zai kasance da hadari? Masu bincike sun lura cewa ana buƙatar nazarin binciken gaba na gaba don sanin ko yin nazari na yau da kullum don sake dawowa zai iya ba da amfani yayin da ka zaba masu lafiya marasa lafiya don dubawa, wanda ake kira "mutanen da aka zaɓa."
A halin yanzu, wannan rukuni na masu bincike sun ji cewa yana da dacewa ga marasa lafiya da DLBCL da kuma abubuwan haɗarin haɗari masu haɗari-ciki har da International Prognostical Index (IPI) na 3 zuwa 5-don la'akari da la'akari a kan kowane mutum bayan tattaunawar hadari da kuma amfani da kuma sanin cewa ba a tabbatar da gano farkon sake dawowa ba don inganta rayuwar.
4. Nano-CAR-T Far
Ga marasa lafiya da cututtukan jini da kuma ƙaunatattun su, akwai matukar jin dadi game da farfadowa na CAR-T. Sabbin abubuwan da suka faru game da kwayar cutar ta CAR-T sun ruwaito sau da yawa, kamar kowace rana.
Game da Rundunonin CAR-T
T-kwayoyin halitta T- nau'in kwayoyin halitta ne wanda muke da shi cikin jikin mu. An san su da suna T-lymphocytes, irin nau'in jini. T-sassan T suna da masu karɓa a saman su, waɗanda aka kira masu karɓar T-cell, ko TCRs. Wadannan TCR sun danganta ga antigens a kan magungunan kasashen waje ko wasu kwayoyin barazana, kamar kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji, suna taimaka wa jiki don tayar da amsa, don yaki da barazanar.
Lokacin da ake amfani da kwayoyin T don amfani da ciwon ciwon daji na CAR-T, an fara tattara su daga jini. Bayan haka, a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana gyaran T-cell din don samar da masu karɓa na musamman a kan sashinsu wanda ake kira masu samin maganin antigen, ko CARs, wanda zai iya ɗaure wasu sunadarai na jiki musamman na kwayoyin cutar kanjamau. Wadannan kwayoyin T tare da CARs zasu iya haifar da lalacewar ciwon daji, da zarar an sake komawa cikin mai haƙuri.
Nanotechnology ya haɗu da Tarin Tsarin Kwayoyin Tsarin Rubucin Tsarin Hari
Daya daga cikin ɓangarorin masu motsi masu mahimmanci zuwa wannan farfadowa shine cewa dole ne a girbe sassan marasa lafiya, suyi aiki a waje da jiki, sa'an nan kuma a sake gabatarwa da zarar sun sami isasshen yawan su don yin aikin. Shin, ba zai zama da kyau ba idan za a iya aiwatar da wannan aikin injiniya a kan jikinka fiye da sauri, watakila tare da kayan aikin injiniya na microscopic? Wannan shi ne ra'ayin bayan amfani da nanotechnology a wannan aikace-aikacen. Nanotechnology a nan tana nufin amfani da na'urorin microscopic don samar da amfanin cikin jiki.
Masu bincike a Cibiyar Cancer na Fred Hutchinson kwanan nan sun nuna cewa zane-zane-zane-zane na iya yaduwa ko jinkirta ci gaba da cutar sankarar bargo a cikin samfurin su na gwajin cutar. Masana binciken "hujjoji" shine muhimmin mataki na farko, kuma an buga binciken a cikin "Nature Nanotechnology". Dokta Matthias Stephan, wani mai bincike a wannan rukunin, ya nakalto cewa "fasahar mu shine na farko da muka sani game da hanzarta samar da damar ciwon sukari cikin kwayoyin T ba tare da cire su ba don maganin gwajin."
> Sources:
> Genentech. Kwamitin shawarwari na FDA yayi yardar shawarar amincewa da tsarin ritun na tarar Genentech don wasu cututtukan jini.
> Medicine Stanford. Kwamfuta algorithm predicts sakamakon cutar sankarar bargo marasa lafiya.
> Cohen JB, Behera M, Thompson A, et al. Zayyana kulawar hotunan don watsa labaran B-cell lymphoma da Hodgkin lymphoma. Jinin jini. 2017; 129: 561-564.