Wani bincike na muhalli shine hanya ga masana kimiyya su kalli tasiri mai yawa na ayyukan lokaci akan lafiyar jama'a. A cikin wadannan nau'o'in binciken, masu bincike suna nazarin lafiyar jama'a kafin da kuma bayan wani lokaci na musamman. Alal misali, ana nazarin nazarin muhalli a kan bayanan da aka tattara kafin da bayan gabatarwar shirin rigakafi na kasa.
Har ila yau, za a iya yin su bayan wasu manyan maganganun lafiyar jama'a.
Nazarin muhalli suna duban lafiyar mutane, ba na mutane ba. Suna dogara ne akan yawan yawan mutane kuma ba sa la'akari da halin da mutane ke yi na musamman. Saboda haka, nazarin muhalli wanda ya dubi abu maras amfani da shi Pap ya zubar da jini kafin da kuma bayan da aka fara shirin rigakafin cutar ta HPV ba zai yi la'akari da ko an riga an yi wa wani mutum rigakafi ba. Maimakon haka, zamu duba saurin abubuwan da ya faru a cikin shekarun da suka wuce kuma bayan an fara rigakafi.
Kodayake nazarin muhalli na iya zama da amfani sosai a kallon tasirin manyan ayyuka, suna da iyakancewa akan gaskiyar cewa ba za su iya duban tasiri da tasiri a cikin mutane ba. Yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da wannan lokacin yayin da aka fassara sakamakon su.
Masana kimiyya ba'a iyakancewa ne kawai wajen bincike kan tasirin maganin kiwon lafiya ba.
Ana iya amfani da su don bincika tasirin harkokin siyasa ko na yanayi da kuma bala'o'i na al'ada a kan kiwon lafiya ko kuma tantance abubuwan da ba su da lafiya. Harshen da ke nuna halayen bincike na muhalli shine cewa ɗakin bincike shine yawan jama'a, ba mutum ba.
Har ila yau Known As: nazarin muhalli
Misalai
Anyi amfani da nazarin ilimin ilimin nazarin ilimin haɗin gwiwar maganin haɗin kai tsakanin autism da maganin MMR. Lokacin da masu binciken sun bincika lamarin autism kafin da kuma bayan da aka fara maganin alurar rigakafi (ko kafin da kuma bayan an yi amfani da maganin alurar riga kafi) basu ga rikici tsakanin autism da alurar riga kafi ba. Maimakon haka, yana nuna cewa yawan tarin autism sun haura cikin sannu a hankali a tsawon lokaci - yiwu saboda canje-canje a ka'idojin bincike da / ko abubuwan da ba a san su ba.
Wani misali na nazarin muhalli shine wanda aka ambata a sama - nazarin sakamakon cutar rigakafi ta HPV akan wulakancin Pap , ko ciwon daji , ƙananan. Yawancin karatu sunyi haka kawai, a cikin kasashen da ke da cikakken maganin rigakafin HPV da aka gani a Amurka. Bincike a cikin Netherlands, Ingila, da Australia sun nuna raguwa a cikin juyayi na al'ada da kuma canje-canje na tsohuwar jini .
Sources:
Brotherton JM, Fridman M, Mayu CL, Chappell G, Saville AM, Gertig DM. Amfani na farko na shirin rigakafin HPV akan ƙananan mahaukaci a Victoria, Australia: nazarin muhalli. Lancet. 2011 Jun 18; 377 (9783): 2085-92. Doi: 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (11) 60551-5.
Howell-Jones R, Soldan K, Wetten S, Mesher D, Williams T, Gill ON, Hughes G. Tsayar da rayuwar mace Warts a matasan mata a Ingila da ke tare da rigakafin HPV 16/18: nazarin muhalli. J Infect Dis. 2013 Nov 1; 208 (9): 1397-403. Doi: 10.1093 / infdis / jit361.
Sandø N, Kofoed K, Zachariae C, Fouchard J. A rage yawan abin da ke faruwa a cikin ƙasa a cikin yara maza da mata Danish bayan gabatar da shirin rigakafi na ɗan adam na nakillomavirus na kasa da kasa wanda ya shafi nazarin muhalli. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014 May, 94 (3): 288-92. Doi: 10.2340 / 00015555-1721.