Mutuwa mai hankali shine daya daga cikin mawuyacin bincikar binciken da mai ilimin lissafi zai iya yi. Ba kamar siffofin mai tsanani ba, ƙwararruwar kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar mutuwa tana nufin babu dawowa. A hankali, kwakwalwa mutuwa mutuwa ne.
Idan an yi ganewar asali sosai, za'a iya yin shi kawai ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa mai haƙuri yana cikin wata sanarwa da aka sani da kuma rashin tabbas, kuma wasu binciken binciken jiki ba su da shi, ciki har da kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa da kuma kokarin yin numfashi a yayin gwajin gwaji .
Gwajin gwajin bugun zuciya ya shafi samar da oxygen rashin lafiya amma ya kashe na'urar motsa jiki don bada izinin gina carbon dioxide a cikin tsarin, wanda yakan haifar da ƙoƙarin numfashi. Babu wani takardun da aka rubuta a rubuce game da ganewar kwakwalwar kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da aka yi a hankali wanda likita ya yi da ma'ana mai mahimmanci.
Duk da haka, akwai lokutan da za a sadu da dukan fasaha na fasaha don kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mutuwa ba zai yiwu ba. Alal misali, a cikin mummunan cututtukan fuska, bazai yiwuwa a yi nazarin kwayoyin jijiyoyin ƙwayoyi. A wasu marasa lafiya, yana da wuya a yi gwajin gwajin gwagwarmaya, ko dai saboda mai haƙuri ba shi da ƙarfi ko kuma saboda sun gina haƙuri ga carbon dioxide, kamar yadda aka gani a wasu marasa lafiya da ciwo mai kwakwalwa na kullum ko kuma barci mai barci mai tsanani. A waɗannan lokuta, ana kiran ƙarin gwaji.
Bugu da ƙari, saboda ganewar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar mutuwa tana da tsanani, yawancin iyalai sun fi so su ƙara gwada gwajin kafin yin yanke shawara game da dakatar da magunguna ko la'akari da kyauta.
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Ana amfani da EEG don auna aikin lantarki a kwakwalwa. Ana amfani dashi mafi yawa lokacin da likita ya damu cewa wani yana da kullun ko epilepsy. A cikin kwakwalwa mutuwa, maimakon neman ayyukan da ba kome ba, EEG na neman kowane irin aiki. Wasu ƙananan aikin aikin lantarki na iya zama alamun, amma wannan yana wakiltar mutum ne saboda alamar daga na'urorin da ke kusa ko ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya, kuma dole ne ya wuce wani ƙofar don ya dace da ma'auni don ganewar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa.
Abubuwan Hulɗar Kira na Abun Haɗari (SSEP)
Kamar EEG, SSEP yayi nazarin yadda wutar lantarki ke gudana ta jiki, ciki har da kwakwalwa. Maimakon kawai kallon kwakwalwar kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, SSEPs sun haɗa da tsarin mai juyayi ta hanyar motsa jiki ta hanyar tasirin wutar lantarki, yawanci ga magunguna na tsakiya . Kullum al'amuran suna yin rajista a matsayin siginar da aka samu a cikin kwakwalwa, wadda za a iya auna ta hanyar lantarki da aka sanya a kan mai haƙuri. Rashin waɗannan alamun sun nuna cewa kwakwalwar ba ta iya karɓar waɗannan sakonni ba.
Angiography
A cikin wani angiogram na cizon sauro, an yi amfani da ƙwayar bambanci a cikin tasoshin jiki, kuma ana lura da kwakwalwa a kan saka idanu yayin da mai haɗuri yana fama da hasken X-ray. Wannan yana ba da damar dubawa sosai game da yadda jini yake motsa jiki. A kwakwalwa mutuwa, tasoshin kwakwalwa ba su cika kamar yadda suke so.
Transopranial Dopplers
Wani jarrabawar doppler mai zurfi yana amfani da magungunan duban dan tayi don kimanta jini a cikin kwakwalwa. A lokacin kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kwakwalwa zai iya ƙarawa cikin hanyoyi da ke ƙara juriya a cikin jini, ya rage jinin jini. Wadannan canje-canje a cikin jini zai iya gani a cikin transcranial doppler.
Tests na Magunguna na Nuclear
Magungunan nukiliya sun haɗa da allurar wani radioisotope cikin kwakwalwa.
Wannan isotope abu ne mai sinadaran da ke motsawa tare da jini. Rashin isotope ya ɓace, yana haifar da sakin makamashi da na'urori masu ganewa suka gano kuma suka shiga hoto. Idan kwakwalwa yana da lafiya da kuma aiki, zai yi kama da yana haskakawa a kan saka idanu yayin da jini yake gudana a jikin kwakwalwa. A cikin kwakwalwa ta jarrabawar mutuwa, ana kiran dandalin da ake kira technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime. Idan mai haƙuri ne kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, to babu wata sigina daga kwakwalwa a cikin binciken. Wannan wani lokaci ana kiran shi "kullun kwanyar maras kyau."
Sauko da Komai tare
Wadannan dabarun suna karba a matsayin karuwa, ko da yake yawanci ba dole ba ne, gwaje-gwaje don jarrabawar kwakwalwa.
Wasu ka'idodin fasaha na iya bambanta daga jihar zuwa jihohi har ma asibiti zuwa asibiti, duk da haka. Kamar kowane gwaji, kowanne daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da ke sama ya kamata a fassara shi a hankali kuma a cikin yanayin tarihin likita mai haƙuri. Babu gwajin cikakke, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci cewa ana kulawa da hankali game da yadda ake gudanar da gwajin don samun damar yin kuskuren sakamakon da aka rage.
Rashin mutuwar ƙauna da ƙaunatacciyar ƙwarewa ne ga iyalai, amma ƙarin gwaji zai iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa masu yanke shawara sun ci gaba da gabagaɗi cewa suna girmama abin da mai haƙuri zai so.
Sources:
Eelco FM Wijdicks, MD, Ph.D., Panayiotis N. Varelas, MD, Ph.D., Gary S. Gronseth, MD David M. Greer, MD, Shaida ta jagorancin jarrabawa: Tabbatar da kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin manya, Rahoton Tsarin Mashawarci na Ƙwararren Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Ƙasar Amirka ta Amirka, Neurology 74, 8 ga Yuni, 2010.
Jerome B. Posner da Fred Plum. Lafiya da Lafiya na Posner na Stupor da Coma. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.