Dokokin Gida guda biyu na FDA don Yara da Adalai
Ciwon huhu yana haifar da mutuwar mutane 50,000 a Amurka a kowace shekara kuma yana dauke da asibitoci fiye da 400,000, in ji wani rahoto daga Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC).
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan ƙwayar cutar ciwon huhu, musamman a tsakanin tsofaffi, ya haifar da raguwar kashi 8 cikin yawan mutuwar tun 1999.
Da wannan aka ce, kawai kimanin kashi 65 cikin dari na waɗanda ke da haɗari mai tsanani sun yi maganin alurar riga kafi.
A lokuta da yawa, mutane ba su da tabbacin ko suna bukatar alurar riga kafi ko wane nau'in ciwon huhu yake nufi don hana shi. Sauran basu san ko maganin alurar riga kafi ba.
Irin ciwon huhu
Kwayar ciwon daji tana bayyana azabar jakar iska daga cikin huhu wanda zai iya cika da ruwa kuma zai haifar da wahalar numfashi, zazzabi, juyayi, da tari da tura ko phlegm. Kwayar cutar ta fi yawan ciwon kwayoyin cuta amma kuma zai iya bunkasa idan ka ci abinci ko ruwa a cikin huhu ( jinin ciwon huhu ) ko karɓar kwayoyin maganin kwayoyi yayin da ke asibiti ( asibiti-samu ciwon huhu ).
Mafi yawan al'ada shine ana sani da ciwon huhu wanda aka samu a cikin al'umma inda aka yada kwayar cuta irin su kwayoyin cuta, cutar, ko fungi a waje na tsarin kiwon lafiya. Daga cikin wadannan, kwayoyin cutar ita ce ta fi dacewa.
Kwayar cuta ta jiki tana da yawa ta yadu ta hanyar droplets na numfashi wanda ake yaduwa sau ɗaya lokacin da mutum yayi ko sneezes.
Mafi yawancin suna haifar da S treptococcus pneumoniae , kwayar cuta tare da fiye da 90 serotypes daban-daban. Daga cikin waɗannan, nau'in iri suna da alhakin yawancin matsalolin cutar huhu.
Yayinda cutar na kwayan cuta ta shafi rinjaye na jiki, zai iya haifar da rashin lafiya idan ya yada cikin jini.
Idan wannan ya faru, zai iya kamuwa da jini (kwayar cutar pneumococcal / sepsis ) kuma ya haifar da kumburi da jikin da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa da na kashin baya (manneitis pneumococcal). Rashin mutuwa a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da ciwon huhu yana tsakanin kashi biyar da bakwai cikin dari kuma zai iya zama mafi girma a cikin tsofaffi.
Kwayoyin cutar ciwon huhu
Akwai maganin rigakafi guda biyu wanda zai iya samar da kariya ga S treptococcus pneumoniae . Ba za su iya hana wasu nau'in kwayar cutar pneumonia (kamar wadanda cutar Chlamydophila pneumoniae ko Mycoplasma pneumoniae ) ko duk wanda ke hade da naman gwari ko cutar .
Wadannan maganin rigakafi na FDA sun rigakafin rigakafi da mutum akan wasu sassan da ke iya haifar da rashin lafiya da cututtuka. Su ne:
- PCV13 , kasuwanci a karkashin sunan Prevnar 13, wanda ya hana 13 daga cikin mafi tsanani iri na S. pneumoniae
- PPSV23 , kasuwa a karkashin sunan Pneumovax 23, wadda ke karewa ta ƙarin ƙarin sifotypes na S. S. pneumoniae.
Babu maganin alurar riga kafi daga kwayoyin rayuwa ko kwayoyin kwayoyin cuta sai dai sassan ɓangaren kwayar cutar. Duk da yake waɗannan abubuwa ba zasu iya haifar da cututtuka ba, tsarin rigakafi yana gane su kamar barazanar kuma yana haifar da amsa ta kare kamar yadda zai zama ainihin kwayoyin.
An yi maganin rigakafin PVC13 a cikin kwayoyin halitta ko kuma cikin ƙwayar ƙarancin ƙananan hannu ko tsofaffin tsokawar tsofaffin ƙwayar cinya na waje. Za a iya ba da harbin PPSV23 a cikin intramuscularly ko subcutaneously (cikin fata).
Wanene Bukatar Alurar rigakafi?
Kwayar rigakafin cutar ciwon huhu ba a ba da shawarar ga kowa ba. Ana amfani da maganin alurar riga kafi a cikin mutanen da suka kamu da mummunan rashin lafiya. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Yara jarirai da yara a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin aikin rigakafi na yau da kullum
- Mutanen da suka kai shekaru 65
- Mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya ko kuma raunana tsarin, ciki har da wadanda ke fama da rashin lafiya irin su HIV, cututtukan zuciya, cutar hanta, koda koda, da ciwon sukari
- Organ mai karba da kuma mutumin da ke jure cutar chemotherapy, duka biyu sun raunana tsarin rigakafi da kuma daukan hotuna zuwa kwayoyin cututtuka
- Mutanen da ke fama da cututtuka na numfashi irin su asma, emphysema, cututtuka na nakasacciyar cuta (COPD)
- Mutanen da suke shan taba (waɗanda ke fama da mummunar cutar kutsawa) ko kuma masu shayarwa masu nauyi (waɗanda suka fi dacewa suna da tsari mai tsabta)
- Mutum yana farkawa daga tiyata ko rashin lafiya mai tsanani
Ba a bada shawarar rigakafi a yanzu ba don mutane tsakanin 18 zuwa 64 wadanda suke lafiya. Haka kuma ya shafi duk wanda ya rigaya ya kamu da maganin alurar riga kafi ko kuma yana da ciwo da aka sani game da duk wani ɓangaren maganin alurar.
Shawarar rigakafi
Kwayar rigakafi da ciwon huhu shine wani ɓangare na shirin rigakafin yara. Bisa ga CDC, dole ne a ba yara jarirai guda hudu na PVC13 a watanni biyu, watanni hudu, watanni shida, kuma tsakanin 12 zuwa 15 watanni. Yaran da suka yi kuskuren su ko kuma fara marigayi ya kamata su yi maganin alurar riga kafi, wanda za a gyara sashi bisa ga shekaru.
Mazan da wanda aka yi wa maganin rigakafin cutar ciwon huhu ya kamata su samu duka biyu: na farko, PCV13 harbi har sai PPSV23 harbe shi a shekara ko haka daga bisani.
Idan aka yi amfani dasu kamar yadda aka bada shawarar, wajibi ne ya kamata ya ba ka kariya ta rayuwa. A cikin wadanda basu kammala karatun ba, ana iya yin amfani da kararraki. Wasu likitoci kuma za su ba da marasa lafiya a cikin sakonni har tsawon shekaru biyar zuwa 10 bayan jerin farko.
Hanyoyin Gaba
Sakamakon maganin alurar rigakafi biyu sun kasance mai sauƙi da kuma warware kansu a cikin kwanaki ɗaya ko da yawa. Yawanci suna da dangantaka da rashin jin dadi na yanar gizo ko bayyana tare da m, irin kamuwa da cututtuka. Daga cikin mafi yawan bayyanar cututtuka:
- Wulo
- Ciwon kai
- Low-sa zazzabi
- Raunin tsoka (myalgia)
- Haɗin gwiwa (arthralgia)
- Injini na ciwon injin, jawa, kumburi, ko tausayi
- Hannu
- Rashin fata
Kadan ƙari, zazzaƙuwa, vomiting, ko fatar fata zai iya faruwa.
Idan ya faru da wani abu mai tsanani - ciki har da hives, blisters, ƙuntatawar numfashi, fatar ido, fatar jiki, rikici, ko kira-kira 911 ko zuwa gidan gaggawa mafi kusa kusa da nan. Yayinda yake da mahimmanci, wani abu mai ciwo jiki (anaphylaxis) zai iya faruwa wanda, idan aka bari ba shi da kyau, zai iya haifar da girgiza, haɗari, har ma da mutuwa.
> Sources:
> Kungiyar Lung ta Amurka. " Yanayin Lafiya da Rashin Lafiya: Haramtacce da Mutuwa." Washington, DC; bayar da Nuwamba 2015.
> Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). "Kwayoyin maganin Pneumococcal Garkuwa." Atlanta, Jojiya; sabunta Disamba 6, 2017.
> CDC. "FastStats: Ciwon huhu." Updated Janairu 20, 2017.
> Daniels, C .; Rodgers, P .; da kuma Shelton, C. "Binciken Pneumococcal Vaccines: Nassaran Kuzari na Polsaccharide na yau da kullum da Protein Antigens." J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 21 (1): 27-35. DOI 10.5863 / 1551-6776-21.1.27.
> Tagaro, A; Bote, E; Sanchez, A. et al. "Matsalar Pneumococcal Bacteramia Bayan Gwajiyar Gurasar Marasa Cikin Guda sha uku". Fassarar Fatar Fasaha J. 2016: 35 (12): 1281-7. DOI: 10.1097 / INF.0000000000001302.