Menene Zane-zanen Halittu?
A cikin ilmin halitta, wani sashi ne wani abu da yake ba da wani abu mai kwarewa ko wasu kayan halitta daga wuri guda zuwa wani. Katin baya haifar da cutar ko yanayin kai tsaye. Yana kawai ɗaukar shi. A fannin ilimin lissafi, wani zane yana da layin tare da girman da jagora. A cikin fannin ilimin lissafi da ilmin halitta, ma'anar yakin yana nuna motsi.
Yayinda masu ilimin cututtuka ke magana game da kwayoyin vectors, suna yawan magana game da kwayoyin da zasu iya kawo kwayar cuta ko kamuwa da cutar kwayar cuta tsakanin runduna. Alal misali, sauro ne mai yada cutar malaria. Yana ɗaukar maɗaukaki m daga mutum zuwa mutum. Sauran kwayoyi ne magunguna don cutar Zika . Zika shi ne kamuwa da cuta mai tasowa wanda zai iya haifar da matsala mai tsanani a lokacin daukar ciki. Musamman, yana iya lalatawa ga yaron da ba a haifa ba. Za a iya zartar da zika ta hanyar jima'i.
Daban-daban nau'i na sauro zai iya kasancewa kwayoyin cuta don yawan cututtuka. Sauran nau'in ingancin ɗayan su ma suna iya zama magungunan cutar. Wadannan sun hada da kwari na yashi, ƙugiyoyi, furanni, da tikiti.
Shin Kun san: Akwai fiye da nau'o'in sauro 3500, daga nau'in 41. Daban-daban iri-iri ne nau'i na nau'in kamuwa da cuta. Ba dukkan sauro ba daidai ba ne! Duk da haka, jinsin da yawa a cikin jinsin guda ɗaya zasu iya sauke irin wannan cututtukan. Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Wasu cututtuka na buƙatar ƙarin takaddun shaida fiye da wasu.
Lokacin da masu ilimin kwayoyin halittu suke magana game da vectors, suna nufin wani abu daban. Suna yawan magana game da hanyoyin da za su samo DNA a inda suke buƙatar su je. Alal misali, suna iya yin amfani da kwayar cutar mosaic ta taba azaman kima don daukar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar a cikin kwayar shuka. Wannan nau'i na vector yana amfani da shi don haifar da tsire-tsire wanda zai iya haifar da kwayoyin cuta.
Har ila yau Known As: Vectors ne mafi yawa tare da masu sufurin. Duk da haka, waɗannan biyu ba dole ba ne. Carrier ma yana da ma'anoni daban-daban. Game da cututtuka, mai ɗaukar hoto yana da wani kamuwa da cuta amma babu alamun bayyanar. Mai ɗaukar hoto zai iya kasancewa wanda ke da dabi'ar jini amma babu alamun bayyanar.
Mene ne wasu misalan kayan aikin kwayoyin halitta?
- Ana iya hana watsa jima'i na Zika cutar tare da kwaroron roba ko wasu shinge. Duk da haka, hana rigakafin Zika ta hanyar sauro yana buƙatar kulawa da sauro azaman samfurin. Yawancin kasashen suna bin tsarin sauro na aiki don kokarin rage hadarin zika. Yin haka zai iya zama hanya mai mahimmanci don rage yawan lalacewar rashin lafiyar da ke haɗuwa da kamuwa da cutar Zika. Halin da ake ciki na kudi da kuma kudi na mata masu juna biyu da kamuwa da kwayar cutar za su iya kasancewa sosai.
- Alamar doki ne mai kwakwalwa don cutar Lyme. Bincike kan hana Lyme sau da yawa yana maida hankalin hanyoyin da za a iya sarrafa yawan 'yan kasuwa. Ana ganin wannan a sauƙaƙe fiye da sauran hanyoyi na rigakafi - kamar maganin alurar riga kafi. Rage haɗarin haɗari ga ƙananan kuma ya rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar. Sabanin haka, ciwon daji na Lyme yana ci gaba.
- A cikin bazara na shekara ta 2011, Yanayin ya wallafa wani binciken da ya kwatanta sabon gwajin SIV (kwayar cutar HIV). Alurar rigakafi da aka yi amfani da CMV a matsayin kayan ƙaddamarwa don gabatar da dogon lokaci akan amsawar SIV. An sanya wata kwayar cutar daga SIV virus a cikin CMV. Bayan haka, cutar ta CMV ta haifar da furotin SIV. Masana kimiyya sun kamu da birai tare da wannan cutar CMV ta canza, kuma sun yi amfani da shi a matsayin maganin alurar riga kafi.
Menene Gudanar da Zane-zane na Vector?
Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya tana da alhakin kula da cututtuka da rigakafi a fadin duniya. Sashi na alhakin su shine kulawa, da kuma sarrafawa, da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ɗaya hanyar da suke aikata wannan ita ce ta hanyar bayar da shawarar dabarun da aka sani da hada-hadar kayan sarrafawa ko IVM.
Makasudin IVM shine ya gano hanya mafi inganci da kuma kudin da za a iya amfani da ita don sarrafa lafiyar da aka ɗauka ta vector.
IVM wata hanya ce ta taimaka wa al'ummomi su ƙayyade hanyoyin da za'a iya amfani dashi mafi kyau don sarrafa samfurin ƙwayar cuta a wani wuri. Yawanci, haɗin zaɓuɓɓuka zaba. Wadannan zasu iya haɗawa da wani abu daga rarraba tarin sauro don amfani da magungunan kashe qwari don canzawa a ayyukan tsabta.
Source:
> Hansen SG, Ford JC, Lewis MS, Ventura AB, Hughes CM, Coyne-Johnson L, Whizin N, Oswald K, Shoemaker R, Swanson T, Legasse AW, Chiuchiolo MJ, Parks CL, Axthelm MK, Nelson JA, Jarvis MA , Piatak M, Lifson JD, Picker LJ. Amfani da farko na SIV ta hanyar maganin cutar ta T-cell. Yanayi. 2011 Mayu 11. [Epub gaba da buga]
> Hennessey MJ, Fischer M, Panella AJ, Kosoy OI, Laven JJ, Lanciotti RS, Staples JE. Kwayar cuta ta Z ika Cutar da ke Komawa zuwa Amurka, 2010-2014. Am J Tashi Med Hyg. 2016 Jul 6: 95 (1): 212-5. Doi: 10.4269 / ajtmh.16-0049.
Kaaijk P, Luytjes W. Alurar rigakafi da cutar Lyme: Shin muna shirye don ita? Hum Lafiya Immunother. 2015 Satumba 4: 0. [Epub gaba] aya
Moyer MW. Yawan ci gaba da yakin da ake fuskanta a kan duniya. Yanayi. 2015 Aug 27; 524 (7566): 406-8. Doi: 10.1038 / 524406a.
Šmit R, Postma MJ. Lyme borreliosis: nazarin maganin rigakafi, magunguna da tattalin arziki. Kwararren Kwayoyin maganin rigakafi. 2015 Satumba 28: 1-13.