Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na dabam dabam don saukewa ko ƙaddara wuta
Magunguna marasa lafiya sune mahimmanci don magance mutanen da ke fama da cututtuka na huhu (COPD) . Maimakon jira na kwaya don yada magani ta wurin jini, masu ɓoye suna ba da kwayoyi ga tushen matsalar, cimma sauri, sakamakon da ake nufi.
Akwai wadanda ke dauke da kwayoyi guda daya (monotherapy) da sauransu waɗanda ke sadar da kwayoyi masu yawa tare da hanyoyin daban-daban na ayyuka.
Za a iya amfani da kwayoyi zuwa manyan fannoni uku:
- Magunguna masu gajeren lokaci
- Magunguna na tsawon lokaci
- Jirgin steroid
Kowane aiki na daban a zalunta ko hana COPD kuma ya bada kashin baya wanda za'a iya ƙara magunguna ko magungunan injectable.
Ƙananan Bronchodilators
Wasu mutane tare da COPD zasu fuskanci bayyanar cututtuka (rashin ƙarfi, numfashi) lokacin da suke aiki. Ga waɗannan mutane, likitoci zasu rubuta wani abu mai laushi, wanda aka sani da shi mai sauƙi.
Bronchodilators aiki ta bude (dilating) jakar iska ( bronchioles ) da suka zama ƙuntatawa a lokacin COPD flare-up. Ma'aikata na ɗan gajeren lokaci suna "azumi da sauri," ma'ana suna aiki da sauri kuma suna ba da taimako ga kimanin hudu zuwa shida. Dole ne kawai a yi amfani da su idan an buƙata kuma a kai duk inda kake zuwa lokacin gaggawa.
Akwai nau'i biyu na magungunan da ake amfani da su don maganin magunguna: beta-agonists , wanda ke danganta ga masu karba a cikin huhu don hana spasms, da kuma antholinergics , wanda ke rufe abubuwan da ke haifar da spasms.
Abon-beta agonists (SABAs) a halin yanzu an yarda a Amurka sune:
- Albuterol
- Xopenex (levalbuterol)
- Metaproterenol
- Karshe
Halin da ake yi a yanzu a Amurka shine:
- Atrovent (ipratropium)
Akwai kuma hade da aka haifa wanda ake kira Combivent wanda ya ƙunshi ipratropium da beta-agonist albuterol.
Ma'aikatan Bronchodilators Masu Tsayi
Mutanen da ke ci gaba da COPD suna wajabta maganin magunguna wanda ake dauka kowace rana ko suna da alamun bayyanar ko a'a. Wadannan magungunan ana kiransa masu sulhu ne na tsawon lokaci.
Mutanen da ke fuskantar haɗari mai tsanani zasu iya amfana daga waɗannan kwayoyi yayin da suke samar da kariya ta murfin ko'ina daga sa'o'i 12 zuwa 24. Kamar yadda masu amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jiki, suna dauke da magungunan beta-agonist ko magunguna.
Ma'aikatan beta masu tsayin daka (LABAs) a halin yanzu an yarda a Amurka sune:
- Salmeterol
- Mai yiwa (formoterol)
- Bambuterol
- Indacaterol
- Brovana (arformoterol)
Ayyukan da suka dace a cikin Amurka sune:
- Spiriva (tiotropium)
- Aclidinium
Inganci Steroids
Mutanen da ke da COPD mai tsanani bazai iya amsawa ga masu tayar da hanzari na tsawon lokaci kuma zasu buƙaci ƙarin "bunkasa" don kula da aikin numfashi. Ga waɗannan mutane, ana iya amfani da steroid din inhaled.
Magunguna masu cututtukan, wadanda aka fi sani da glucocorticoids , sunyi tasiri mai karfi na ƙwayar cuta kuma zai iya rage kumburi da kuma samar da ƙuduri a cikin hanyoyi. Suna aiki ne a daidai lokacin da suke ciwon maganin kwari amma suna aiki da sauri kuma suna rage yawan haɗari da kuma asibiti.
Ana amfani da su sau biyu a kowace rana kuma suna buƙatar lokaci guda "loading time" kafin su dauki cikakken sakamako.
Setoran da aka yi amfani da ita don amfani da COPD sune:
- Pulmicort (budesonide)
- Aerospan (flunisolide)
- Ruwa (fluticasone)
- Asmanex (mometasone)
- QVAR (kullun)
Har ila yau, akwai nau'o'in haɗuwa guda uku da suka hada da steroids mai haushi:
- Symbicort (formoterol da budesonide)
- Advair (salmeterol da fluticasone)
- Brio Ellipta (vilanterol da fluticasone)
Sakamakon illa na steroid din din sun kasance mai zurfi fiye da magungunan kwakwalwa ko magunguna. Suna iya haɗawa da bakin ciki ko bakin bakin ciki, hoarseness (dysphonia), da kuma takardun shaida (bugu).
Amfani da dogon lokaci yana haɗi da haɗarin glaucoma da osteoporosis.
> Source:
> Vestbo, J .; Hurd, S. Agusti, A. et al. "Tsarin duniya don ganewar asali, gudanarwa, da kuma rigakafi na cutar cututtuka na al'ada: Gudanarwa na GOLD." Am J Reshir Crit Care Med. 2013; 187 (4): 347-65. DOI: 10.1164 / rccm.210204-0596PP.