Labarin asalin wannan magungunan likita.
Lokacin da yazo ga haɗin gwiwar kirkiro, inji na Botox ko na botulinum toxin shine mafi yawan al'ada na yau da kullum da aka yi a yau. {Ungiyar {asashen Wa] ansu Ma'aikata na Firayiya, ta yi kiyasin cewa, a kusan kusan miliyan bakwai, mutane sun samu ciwon maganin cututtuka na botulinum. Don sanya wannan lamari a cikin hangen nesa, miliyan bakwai na kusan yawan jama'ar Arizona.
Yawancin mutane suna yin amfani da injections da ƙwayoyin cututtuka na botulinum tare da maganin wrinkles; Duk da haka, wannan wakili mai mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci kuma yana amfani dashi ga wasu yanayi, ciki har da ladabi, ƙwallon ido (watau blepharospasm), kwangilar wuyansa (watau dystonia na mahaifa), migraines, da kuma magunguna . Haka kuma ana amfani da Botox don maganin mai tsanani wanda bai dace ba (watau hyperhidrosis).
Labarin yadda muka zo don magance wannan ƙwayar maganin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jikin mu don bi da wrinkles yana da ban sha'awa da kuma raye-raye.
Menene Botox?
Botox ko maganin botulinum da kwayoyin halitta Clostridium botulinum ya samar. A cikin daji, kamuwa da cuta tare da Clostridium botulinum yana haifar da botulism, rashin lafiya mai ciwo amma rashin lafiya. Botulism yana farawa ta hanyar kwantar da tsokoki na fuska, bakin, da makogwaro kafin yadawa ga sauran jikin. Yayin da botulism yayi kama da tsokoki da ake amfani dasu a numfashi, mutuwa zata iya faruwa.
A cikin watan Mayu na 2017, an samu fashewa a botalism a California inda aka sake dawo da abincin da aka sayar a tashar gas. A sakamakon haka, mutane 10 ne aka horar da su kuma mutum daya ya mutu.
Kodayake Clostridium botulinum ya zo ne a cikin wasu matsaloli-guda takwas na serotypes A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F, da G-kawai serotypes A da B suna amfani da su don tsara shirye-shirye na asibiti.
Bayan allura a cikin tsoka, toxin botulinum ya ƙwace ƙwayar jijiya kuma ya ɗauka don hana sakin acetylcholine, wani neurotransmitter. Ba tare da acetylcholine ba, aikin muscle ya tsaya. Wannan mai da hankali, ko kuma shafin yanar-gizon, ƙwararriya shine abin da ke rage wrinkles kuma yana dakatar da spasms. A wasu kalmomi, Botox yana aiki ne ta hanyar "kwantar da hankalin" wrinkles.
Bugu da ƙari, yin tsangwama tare da saki acetylcholine, toxin botulinum kuma ya shafe tare da sakin baƙin ciki da masu ƙaddamarwa na jini wanda ya hada da abu P da glutamine, wanda ya bayyana dalilin da yasa ake amfani da toxin botulinum don magance ciwon kai na migraine.
Abubuwa masu ban tausayi bayan jiyya tare da maganin botulinum sun hada da raunuka, busawa, ciwon kai, rashin jin daɗi da kuma rauni na tsoka wanda zai iya shafar tsoka da ke kewaye da tsoka wanda aka allura.
Kafin inuwa tare da ciwon botulinum, yin amfani da masu tsauraran matakai ya kamata a dakatar da makonni biyu don rage raguwa. Za a iya rage matsanancin zafi a wurin da ake yiwa inuwa tare da amfani da allurar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, aikace-aikace na rigakafi ko kuma icing yankin kafin allura. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a fara jiyya tare da maganin botulinum a ƙananan ƙwayar kuma a hankali ya karu.
Abubuwan botulinum toxin sun lalace a lokacin lokaci.
Musamman bayan ƙaddamarwar haɓakar sinadarai, ƙwayar nasu ya ƙare ko sake farfado da aikin kuma an mayar da shi bayan kwanaki 120. A wasu kalmomi, bayan da aka canza saurin jiji, Botox na aiki na kimanin kwanaki 120 kafin jijiyoyi su sake farfadowa. Wannan aikin da aka mayar da shi na ciwon daji yana bayyana dalilin da yasa mutane sukan sami magunguna a cikin siginan.
Babu wani nau'i na burin botulinum, tare da wasu samfurori a kasuwa ciki har da Botox da Dysport. Wadannan sharuɗɗa ba su canzawa kuma an tsara su daban. Wadannan ka'idodi iri iri na bambancin botulinum sun bambanta da nauyin kwayoyin, masu haɓaka (watau magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi), da kuma sunadarin sunadarai.
Tushen Botox
Clostridium botulinum an gano shi ne ta farko daga wani masanin kimiyya na Belgium mai suna Emile Pierre van Ermengem bayan bin burbushin fashewa a Belgium. A cikin shekarun 1920, masana kimiyya a Jami'ar California, San Francisco, sun fara ƙoƙari su ware ƙwayar botulinum. Duk da haka, ya ɗauki shekaru 20 kafin inxin botulinum ya ɓacewa a cikin nauyin crystalline daga Dr. Edward Schantz.
A cikin shekarun 1970s, masana kimiyya sun fara amfani da maganin botulinum don magance strabismus (watau idon ketare). Yayinda yake gwada wannan jiyya akan birai, masu bincike sun lura cewa toxin botulinum ya rage wrinkles a cikin glabella. A glabella shine fata tsakanin gashin ido kuma sama da hanci.
Bayan shan maganin botulinum ya ci nasara a cikin maganin strabismus, Allergan ya ba da izinin magani kuma ya sanya shi Botox. Daga bisani, Botox ya amince da amincewa da FDA don amfani da maganin kiwon lafiya da dama.
A nan ne kwanakin lokuta daban-daban na FDA don maganin botulinum:
- Strabismus da blepharospasm a shekarar 1989
- Cervical dystonia a shekarar 2000
- Lambobin Glabellar a 2002
- Axillary hyperhidrosis (wuce gona da iri) a shekara ta 2004
- Halin ƙaura da ƙananan lakabi a cikin shekara ta 2010
- Urinary incontinence a 2011
- Ƙungiyar Crow (layin layi) a shekarar 2013
Lura cewa ko da yake likitoci sun yi amfani da maganin botulinum don magance nau'ikan nau'ikan idanu na fuskar mutum, yawancin wannan jiyya yana kashe lakabi. A wasu kalmomi, likitanku yana amfani da hukuncin shari'ar da za a bi da wrinkles na fata tare da Botox.
A cikin tarihin maganin, toxin botulinum mai yiwuwa ya fi sananne domin shi ne farkon inji mai maganin ƙwayar cutar da ake amfani dasu don magance cutar. Rigar da samfurori na kwayoyin halitta a cikin jikin mutum yana wakiltar sabuwar na'ura. A cikin kowace shekara, masu bincike sun inganta samfurori na wannan wakili mai mahimmanci kuma suna samun ƙarin amfani da ita.
Kalma Daga
Botox wani mai amfani ne da ake amfani dasu don biyan nau'in wrinkles iri-iri. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da Botox yana da lafiya, tare da ƙananan illa. Idan kana sha'awar karbar maganin Botox, don Allah magana da likitan ka.
Sources
Camargo, CP, et al. Ingancin Botulinum don shafukan ido na fuskar ido (Lissafi). Cochrane Library. 2014.
Dorizas, A, Krueger, N, Sadick, NS. Kyauta mai kyau na Botulinum Toxin. Dermatologic Clinics. 2014; 32 (1): 23-36.