Yin amfani da sababbin hanyoyin samun kulawa da kwanciyar hankali ya zama muhimmin bangare na kula da lafiyar zamani. Har ila yau, yana inganta yadda muke fuskantar rigakafin cutar. Wadanda suke hanzarta daukar nauyin kiwon lafiya-marasa lafiya da marasa lafiya - za su ga amfana daga wannan ci gaba.
Gaps a cikin Electronic Health Records Adoption
Bayanan kiwon lafiyar na Electronic (EHRs) suna ƙara karuwa a fadin Amurka, wanda ya dace da Dokar Lafiya ta Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar (HITECH Act) wadda aka yi a shekarar 2009.
Wannan doka ta tabbatar da amfani da fasahar kiwon lafiya mai mahimmanci da kuma goyon bayan aiwatar da EHRs. Da farko, an bai wa masu amfani da EHR damar taimakon kudi, kuma an yi tsammani cewa yanzu shirin zai kasance. A cikin Dokar HITECH ta asali, za a iya azabtar da hukumomin kiwon lafiya ta hanyar yin amfani da fasahar kiwon lafiya na zamani a shekara ta 2015. Duk da haka, tsarin tallafi ya kasance da hankali fiye da yadda ake sa rai, don haka a shekarar 2014, Cibiyoyin Kula da Magungunan Medicare da Medicaid (CMS) ya sanar da cewa an kaddamar da mataki na 3 na tsarin tallafin har zuwa 2017. A bara, amfani mai amfani na EHR ya zama wani zaɓi ga duk masu samarwa. A shekara ta 2018, an aiwatar da mataki na 3 na tsarin rollout ya zama dole. Wasu kungiyoyi, duk da haka, sun bukaci wannan mataki na 3 ya sake jinkirta saboda damuwa da ke kewaye da shirye-shirye tsakanin masu samarwa da masu sayar da kayayyaki.
Duk da haka, an samu karuwa mai yawa a cikin amfani da EHRs. Wani binciken da Michael Furukawa ya yi a shekara ta 2013 ya nuna cewa kashi 78 cikin dari na likitoci na likitoci sun karbi irin wannan EHR. Ƙananan ƙananan ba su da ƙananan a cikin ayyuka guda ɗaya da masu aikin kulawa da ba na farko ba, suna nuna cewa akwai sauran ɗakunan da za a iya ɗauka a wasu saituna.
Bayanan Furukawa ya nuna cewa ci gaba da amfani da fasaha na fasahar kiwon lafiyar zai iya rage maganin miyagun kwayoyi a asibitoci, irin su kurakurai na shan magani, overdoses da rashin lafiyan halayen. A wata kasida da aka wallafa a shekara ta 2017 a cikin Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, Furukawa da abokan aiki sun bayar da rahoton cewa kashi 20 cikin dari na miyagun kwayoyi zai iya dangana ga amfani da EHR. Wannan bayani zai iya tura karin asibitoci don karɓar EHRs da ƙwayar likitancin likita wanda har yanzu yana amfani da amfani mai mahimmanci.
Abubuwan da aka rasa
Rashin ƙaddamar da EHR ba shine kawai kalubalen da ke hana kulawar kiwon lafiya ba. Bayanin da aka tattara a cikin EHR sun sami damar da yawa fiye da abin da ake amfani da su yanzu. Lokacin da aka kunna wadannan tsarin don haɗuwa da hanyoyin da suka dace da bayanai, sun fi dacewa don samar da algorithms da aka sani game da amsawar mai haƙuri.
Yawancin nazari sun gwada wannan tsari a kula da ciwon sukari. Lokacin da aka haɗu da EHR tare da algorithms na asibitoci, an nuna cewa wannan tsari ya kasance mafi girma ga aikin yau. Hada bayanan sirri tare da hangen nesan ganewa ya wuce ƙarfin hanyoyin da suka gabata.
Ya ba da karin bayani game da bayanin halayen da kuma ingantaccen jagoran kulawa. Wani binciken da Dokta Michael Klompas na Harvard Medical School da Harvard Pilgrim na Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Boston suka gano cewa bayanai na EHR zasu iya taimakawa wajen gano wasu cututtukan ciwon sukari da nuna bambanci tsakanin nau'i na 1 da kuma irin su 2. Klompas da tawagarsa sunyi imanin cewa za'a iya aiwatar da wannan fasaha a matsayin aikin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na sarrafa kansa kuma zai iya taimakawa tare da gudanar da aikin gudanarwa da kuma daukar nauyin daukar ciki don nazarin asibiti.
Tare da EHR na yau, ana iya bayyana bayanai yanzu ta atomatik da kuma samar da wata ƙungiyar likita tare da kulawa da kulawa da kulawa da kulawa wanda ke da haƙuri kuma ya dace da mutum mai haƙuri.
Ɗaya daga cikin sukar da ake yi na yawan jama'a shine tsarin aikin da aka tsara akan yadda aka samo asali daga asali game da yawancin jama'a. Wannan tsarin ya zama sananne ga ƙuntatawa ko kuma biya-biya bukatun mutum. Bugu da ƙari, ƙirar algorithm wanda aka ƙaddamar da bayanan ya tabbatar da cewa tsarin kulawa na mutum ya kasance tushen shaida da kuma ma'ana. Umurnai da ladabi sunyi sabuntawa akai-akai, wanda ke sa haɓakawa da daidaituwa masu dacewa da ƙwarewar bukatun mai haƙuri. Har ila yau, akwai tabbaci mai mahimmanci cewa hada EHR tare da tsarin tallafin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwararru (CDSSs) na iya canza tsarin kiwon lafiya da kuma sake tattara bayanai a cikin bayanai.
Kwamfuta Taimaka wa marasa lafiya
A shekara ta 2015, IBM da CVS Lafiya sun sanar da haɗin gwiwa don amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar bincike mai ban mamaki na IBM ta Watson don samar da kulawa ga masu ciniki na CVS. Abun hulɗa ya sa CVS ya fahimci masu amfani da ƙila su kasance cikin haɗari ga sakamakon lafiya na rashin lafiya sannan kuma su sadar da ayyukan da aka tsara don su ƙara yawan ƙalubalen inganta rayuwar su.
Watson Oncology, sabuwar tsarin bincike, yanzu ana amfani da Memorial Sloan Kettering ɗaliban likitocin don fassara magungunan asibitocin marasa lafiya da kuma gano mafi kyawun magani bisa ga shekarun da suka dace da kwarewa da bincike. Wannan yana nufin cewa shaidu na gaba zasu iya tafiya ta sauri ta hanyar ilimin ilimin ilimin halayyar ilimin halitta da kuma inganta kulawa da haƙuri. Bugu da ƙari kuma, hakan yana taimakawa wajen fadada ilimi daga wani gwani zuwa wani. Wannan zai iya tabbatar da cewa kuna da wannan matsayi mai kyau kamar yadda likitanku yake. Ƙaƙwalwar don ƙara abubuwan da aka sani game da cikakkiyar bayanan lafiyar lafiyar mai yiwuwa za a iya yin la'akari da sauri ta hanyar masu fafatawa, kuma shine kawai farkon karuwar amfani da ilimin artificial don inganta lafiyar jama'a. Abota tsakanin kamfanonin kamar IBM da likitoci da kamfanoni suna iya tabbatar da cewa an saba amfani da sababbin hanyoyin kiwon lafiyar yau da kullum.
Maganin taimakon kansu
Wani babban damar da fasahar kiwon lafiya ta zamani ke ba shi damar samun karin haɗin gwiwa. Marasa lafiya na iya dubawa, saukewa da kuma samun damar bayanin lafiyar su, da kuma yanke shawarar da aka yanke game da zaɓuɓɓukan magance su. Michael Furokawa da ƙungiyar masu binciken sun gano cewa likitoci sun fi amfani da fasaha don raba bayanai tare da marasa lafiya. A shekarar 2014, kashi 30 cikin dari na likitocin da aka bincika sunyi amfani da damar amfani da su don sa ido, kuma kashi 24 cikin dari sun ba marasa lafiya damar samun damar shiga yanar gizo. Wannan ƙila ya kara girma a cikin shekarun da suka gabata kuma yana iya ƙara haɗin haɗin haƙuri-likita.
Sabbin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a duk tsawon lokacin don ƙara haɓaka haƙuri ta hanyar fasaha. Ƙaunar juna - ƙungiya mai kiwon lafiya tare da fasaha ta wayar tarho da ke tattare da cututtuka da kamfanonin lafiya. Masu koyon amfani da fasaha don taimakawa wajen motsa marasa lafiya don yin aikin kai tsaye da kuma samun karin shiga cikin kulawarsu. A wannan ma'anar, fasaha kadai ba shine amsar ba. Hadin dan Adam yana taimakawa wajen motsa jiki kuma yana tallafawa canjin halin kirki, yayin da fasaha ta ƙara tasiri. Harkokin ɗan adam zai iya ci gaba da kasancewa muhimmiyar mahimmanci kuma ya kasance mai ƙayyade game da nasarar nasarar lafiyar, ko da yake juyin halitta na taimaka mana inganta hanyoyin da za ta hanzarta da kuma cigaba da cigaba wajen kyautata zaman lafiya.
> Sources
> Furukawa M, King J, Patel V, Chun-Ju H, Adler-Milstein J, Jha A. Duk da ci gaban da aka samu a cikin shirin EHR, musayar bayanai game da lafiyar jiki da haƙuri sun kasance marasa galihu. Harkokin Lafiya , 2014; 33 (9): 1672-1679
> Furukawa M, King J, Patel V. Harkokin likita a kan sauƙi na yin amfani da ayyukan EHR da suka danganci amfani mai mahimmanci. Jaridar Amirka ta Gudanar da Kulawa , 2016; 21 (12): E684
> Furukawa M, Spector W, Limcangco M, Encinosa W, Rhona Limcangco M. Mahimmancin amfani da fasahar fasaha na kiwon lafiya da kuma raguwa a cikin asibiti. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association , 2017, 24 (4): 729-736.
> Klompas M, Eggleston E, McVetta J, Li'azaru R, Li L, Platt R. Binciken ta atomatik da kuma rarraba nau'i na 1 game da ciwon sukari 2 ta amfani da bayanan rikodin lafiyar lantarki. Ciwon sukari Kulawa . 2013; 36 (4): 914-921.