Maganin magani leeches yana dauke da asiri
Duk da abin da wasu ke iya cewa, FDA ba ta taɓa amincewa da ita ba. Maimakon haka, a shekara ta 2004, 'yan bindigar sun fada wa kamfanin Faransa cewa basu buƙatar FDA ta sayar da kayan magani a matsayin likita a Amurka. Bisa ga FDA , hanyoyi suna kama da na'urori (watakila leeches) aka sayar a gaban Mayu 28, 1976 - ranar da aka kafa Dokar Kwayoyin Jakadancin .
Saboda haka, ba a yarda da amincewa da tarayya don kullun ba.
Kuna iya jayayya cewa ma'anar da na ke yi shine ma'anar "amincewa" ko "babu amincewa" ana sayar da kullun don amfani da magani a Amurka. Tabbas, FDA ba zai yi wani abu don dakatar da kamfanonin sayar da hanyoyi ba; Duk da haka, FDA ba ta yin hukunci game da lafiyarsu ko inganci - haɓakaccen abu. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙuƙwalwar ba ta da wani takalifi don yin nazari da hanzari kamar yadda ake kula da lafiyar jiki kuma fahimtar ilimin kimiyya.
Kodayake ana amfani da hanyoyi a matsayin maganin jinin jini tun daga zamanin da, har yanzu mun san kadan game da waɗannan halittu marar lahani. Ga mafi yawancin, bincike yana iyakance ga ƙananan ƙwararrun yanayin binciken da jerin batutuwa ba tare da gwajin gwagwarmaya ba. Duk da haka, abin da muka sani game da alamomin alamu a ƙwararrun ciwon daji: Likitan Leech wani tasiri ne na kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta (jini-thinning) kwayoyin.
Magungunan magani da kuma Super Spit
Wutsiyoyi masu shan jini ne (sanguivorous) tsutsotsi. Kamar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, an raba jikinsu, kuma waɗannan 'yan kananan yara suna iya karawa, kwangila kuma suna cikin hanyoyi masu yawa. Hiruda magani ne jinsin tsinkaye mafi yawa a matsayin likita. Duk da haka, ana amfani da wasu nau'in alal misali , ciki har da Hirudinaria granulosa a Indiya da magungunan magani na Amirka, Macrobdella ado .
Jirgin kwayar halitta ne na waje wanda zai iya shayar da yawan jini sau da yawa jikinsa daga karfinsa. Bayan an hade shi da ɓoye na glandular wanda ya hana jinin daga coagulation, hanyoyi suna adana wannan jinin a cikin layi. Saboda haka, jinin daga ciyarwa zai iya kasancewa mai gina jiki don watanni da yawa.
An riga an rubuta rubutun jini ko Hirudo farfadowa a zamanin d Misira kuma ya ci gaba a yamma har zuwa marigayi 1800 lokacin da aikin ya fadi daga ni'ima. Abin ban al'ajabi, duk da rashin jin daɗi a Yammacin Turai, al'adun da ake yi wa phlebotomy ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin Inani ko maganin Islama.
Shekaru da dama, an yi amfani da sutura a matsayin kayan aiki don taimakawa wajen yin amfani da microsurgery da filastik da kuma sake farfadowa. Bugu da ƙari, masana kimiyya sun fara fara godiya ga kwayoyin da suke yin amfani da kayan shafa da kuma aikace-aikacen da suka dace. A nan ne kawai wasu daga cikin kwayoyin halitta masu ban mamaki da aka samo a cikin zane-zane:
- Hirudin . A 1950, wani masanin kimiyyar Jamus mai suna Fritz Marquardt ya ware wani kwayar da ya kira hirudin daga gwaninta na kwayoyin cutar Hiruda . Hakan ya nuna cewa hirudin yana da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da suka hada da kwayoyin halitta wanda ya zama mai yadarin jinin jini ba tare da mummunar tasiri ba. Musamman, hirudin yana daura ga thrombin tare da daukaka mai girma kuma baya wucewa-amsa tare da kwayoyin cuta a cikin mai haƙuri tare da thrombocytopenia ya haifar da heparin. Bugu da ƙari, hirudin za a iya amfani da shi a cikin mutane wanda aka fi sani da shi zuwa heparin ko a cikin wadanda ke nuna raunin antithrombin III. A yau, masu bincike sun kirkiro wasu nau'o'i masu amfani da kwayoyin halitta, da kuma bukukuwa, tare da fatan samun girbin hirudin don amfani da lafiya. Hanyoyin amfani da hirudin suna da yawa kuma sun hada da duk wani cuta tare da cututtuka na ɓarkewa kamar jini , ciwon zuciya , da zurfin ɓarna .
- Hyaluronidase . Harshen hysaronidase enzyme irin wannan ne mai tausayawa wanda ya yadu (ya sa ya zama wanda zai iya haɗuwa) jikin mutum na haɗin kai don haka ya taimaka wa kwayoyin cutar suyi jini. Har ila yau, yana taimakawa wajen magance cutar da kuma taimako mai zafi. An yi nazarin wannan enzyme a yau don amfani da cutar shan magani da kuma ci gaba da magungunan da ke shafe ta fata.
- Calin . Calin shine kwayar dake riƙe da platelets da von Willebrand factor, masu mahimmanci masu yin sulhu na clotting, daga ɗaure zuwa collagen. Collagen yana ƙarfafawa da kuma shafawa fata. Ta haka, calin rike jini gudana by inhibiting clotting.
- Destabilase . Harkokin enzyme destabilize na da matuka biyu na thrombotic ko jini-dissolving da antibacterial. Binciken ya nuna cewa zai iya yin amfani da aikace-aikace na streptokinase ko kayan aikin plasminogen wanda aka yi amfani dasu idan akwai mummunan zuciya ko bugun jini daidai da haka.
- Eglin . Wannan ƙananan gina jiki shine mai hana maganin thrombin. Yana iya zuwa wata rana ta ba da gudummawa ga maganin kumburi da damuwa da emphysema .
Amfani na zamani na Leeches na magani
Musamman ma a Turai, yin amfani da hanyoyi kamar yadda aikin likita ke kara karuwa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da hanyoyi da kullun masu amfani da kawunansu don dalilai uku.
- Ana yin amfani da launi don adana launin fata wanda aka yi amfani da shi a filastik, maxillofacial da sauran magungunan sake gina jiki. Ana yin amfani da ƙuƙwalwa kowane mutum don ya zubar da jini mai kamu 5 zuwa 10 na jini. Irin wannan magani ya ci gaba har sai gadon abincin mai haƙuri ya iya zubar da jinin jini.
- Lannuna suna taimakawa wajen canja wurin kwayoyin jini inda aka sanya nama daga wani ɓangare na jikinka zuwa wani ɓangare na jikinka.
- Hannuna suna taimakawa wajen ajiye jikin jiki daga yankewa ta hanyar janye ciwon daji ko ƙetare. Wadannan sassan jikin sun hada da yatsunsu, da hanci, hanci, kunnuwa, lebe, har ma da azzakari (wanda babu shakka ya sanya hoto mai ban tsoro).
Kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin takarda na 2012 da aka buga a cikin Wiley Periodicals , masu bincike sun tattara bayanai daga zane-zane na 277 da kuma jerin daga 1966 zuwa 2009 kuma daga PubMed da sauran bayanan bayanan. Daga cikin marasa lafiya 229, kashi 50 ko 21.8 na fama da rikitarwa. Kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na wadannan matsalolin sun kasance masu cutar. Wasu mutanen da suka karbi maganin farfadowa sun bukaci jinin jini.
Bisa ga sakamakon binciken su, marubuta na binciken Wiley ya nuna cewa duk marasa lafiya da suka karbi maganin farfadowa za a tattake su kuma a yi musu kariya don yaduwar jini. Bugu da ƙari, irin waɗannan marasa lafiya ya kamata a fara a kan maganin rigakafi kamar quinolones. Wasu matakai sun nuna cewa wani sifa na uku na ciprofloxacin na iya zama mafi tasiri a kan kwayoyin bambanta ga jituwa.
Ba tare da wata shakka ba, da hanyoyi da ke amfani da jikinka suna nuna kyan gani a kan "icky" sikelin. Ka tuna cewa zabinka ne don ba da damar likita na likita don amfani da hanyoyi musamman tun da akwai hanyar samun magani.
Duk da haka, ko da yake bincike mai zurfi - mai yiwuwa (dogon lokaci) da kuma gwajin gwagwarmaya - yana bukatar a yi, abin da muka sani game da hanyoyi yana da ƙarfafa sosai. Bugu da ƙari, kwayoyin kwantar da hankula daga kwayar cutar za su iya ɗaukar maɓallin mahimmanci ga mafi kyawun kwayar cutar, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic far.
Musamman godiya ga mai ban mamaki Ms. Gina Wadas, wani ɗan jarida na kimiyya, kuma dalibi a cikin kimiyya da fasaha digiri shirin a Texas A & M Jami'ar, don bayar da shawarar wannan batu. Na gode, Gina!
> Sources Zaɓa
> Divi V et al. Babi na 78, Ƙarƙashin ɗaɗɗun jini. A: Lalwani AK. eds. Binciken da ake ciki yanzu da jiyya a Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, 3e . New York, New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012. Samun shiga 12/29/2014.
> Wani kasidar da ake kira "Lafiya na Magani Leeches a Filaye da Reconstructive Tiyata: A Review System of 277 Aka Bayyana Clinical Cases" by IS Whitaker et al wallafa a Wiley Periodicals, Inc. a 2012. Samun damar daga PubMed ranar 12/28/2014.
> Wani kasidar da ake kira "A Hanyar Gano na Muhimmancin Magunguna na Sanguivorous Leeches" by SM Abbas Zaidi et al an wallafa shi a cikin Magungunan Magunguna a 2011.