Binciken kwayoyin antiviral da cututtukan da suka biyo baya
Kwayoyin cuta sune kwayar cutar kwayar cutar wadda ta cire na'urar motsa jiki don haifa. A lokacin haifuwa, ƙwayoyin cuta sukan lalata kwayoyin jikinsu kuma suna ci gaba da harba wasu kwayoyin halitta.
A cikin shekarun 1950, yayin da ake binciken yiwuwar maganin ciwon daji, masana kimiyya sun gano magungunan sinadarai wanda zai iya hana rikici na DNA. A lokacin shekarun 1980 da 1990, bayan cutar HIV ta zama matsala, magungunan magungunan rigakafi sun sami farfadowa.
A yau, ana amfani da magungunan magungunan antiviral don magance cututtuka da dama.
Domin samun tasiri, magungunan rigakafin rigakafin dole ne su ƙaddamar da shigarwa ko fita ko yaduwa tare da cutar yayin da yake cikin tantanin halitta. Magunguna magungunan magungunan rigakafi dole ne su kasance ƙayyadaddu don kada su haifar da guba. Bugu da ƙari, magungunan antiviral ya kamata ya kasance mai haɗari da kuma barga.
Ga wadansu bayanai na taƙaice game da wasu kwayoyin antiviral dake samuwa yanzu.
Ana amfani da kwayoyi masu amfani da cutar Antibiral don magance cutar ta herpes simplex (HSV) da kuma varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
Magunguna guda uku da ake amfani da su don magance herpes simplex (herpes) da varicella zoster ƙwayoyin cuta su ne acyclovir, valacyclovir, da famciclovir. Labaran zostella zoster yana haifar da pox na kaza bayan kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani da shingles (herpes zoster) bayan gwaninta ko kuma kamuwa da cutar.
Dukkanin wadannan kwayoyi sune lafiya kuma suna da nau'ikan tsarin aikin. Alal misali, dukansu suna aiki ne ta hanyar jingina ga DNA polymerase ta kwayar cutar, wani enzyme da aka yi amfani da su wajen sake yin amfani da DNA.
Na bayanin kula, domin valacyclovir (Valtrex) da famciclovir zasu kai ga karuwar jini, waɗannan kwayoyi 2 sun fi tasiri a zaluntar shingles.
Drugs amfani da su bi da winger genital (ɗan adam papillomavirus)
Magunguna da aka yi amfani da su a cikin zauren mata sun haɗa da:
- Ribavirin wanda ake amfani dasu don magance cutar suturar jini (RSV) bronchiolitis ko ciwon huhu da kuma (mitaccen) mura
- (Topical) bincike
Magungunan Antiviral amfani da su don bi da mura (mura)
Rashin ruwa shine sanadiyar asalin mura a lokacin hunturu. Abin farin ciki, muna da maganin alurar rigakafi da ke ba da rigakafi ga rashin lafiya. Yana da mahimmanci don samun buguwar shekara guda saboda wani lokaci mura zai iya zama ciwon huhu, wani lokaci kuma cutar pneumonia zai iya kashe - musamman a tsakanin yara da tsofaffi.
Drugs kamar Tamiflu (oseltamivir) da kuma zanamivir (Relenza) za a iya amfani da su don hana bayyanar cututtuka na mura kuma rage tsawon rashin lafiya. Baya ga magungunan da ake amfani dasu don hana cutar mura ko cututtuka, akwai magungunan kwayoyi da rikici tare da kwayoyin cutar bidiyo bayan kamuwa da cutar tare da ciwon ciki kamar amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir, da zanamivir,
Ana amfani da kwayoyin cutar Antiviral don biyan cututtukan cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Cutar cutar cytomegalovirus yakan kasance a cikin mutanen da ba su da lafiya (zaton cutar ta AIDS ko kwayar safarar jiki). Kamar yaduwar cutar varicella-zoster, wanda ke haifar da shingles (shingles), yawancin mu na dauke da cytomegalovirus, amma cutar za ta sake farfado da shi idan kana da tsarin tsarin da aka rushe.
A cikin waɗanda suka riga sun yi kyau marasa lafiya, bayyanar cututtuka na cytomegalovirus kamuwa da cuta shafi mutane da yawa tsarin tsarin kuma sun hada da:
- retinitis
- esophagitis
- colitis
- ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta (CNS)
- pneumonitis
Drugs amfani da su bi da cytomegalovirus kamuwa da cuta sun hada da valganciclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet, da kuma cidofovir. (Saboda mafi yawan halittun halitta, amfani da valganciclovir ya maye gurbin ganciclovir.) Kamar sauran kwayoyin antiviral, maganin antiviral da ake amfani dasu don biyan cytomegalovirus a cikin rikici tare da maganin maganin cututtuka kamar yadda kwayoyin halitta ta DNA da RNA polymerase.
Magungunan Antiviral da ake amfani dasu don magance hepatitis
Ana amfani da kwayoyi masu amfani da kwayar cutar don magance hepatitis B da hepatitis C. Yawancin wadannan kwayoyi sun shafi cututtukan cututtukan hoto kamar su:
- nucleoside da nucleotide analogs
- masu ƙuntata protease
- maƙallan polymerase
Interferon, mai yiwuwa magungunan da ya fi dacewa da maganin ilimin cutar hepatitis, yana aiki ne ta hanyar dabarun da ke dauke da kwayoyin cutar, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative actions.
Kwayoyin maganin rigakafi masu amfani da cutar HIV
A cikin shekaru 3 da suka gabata, an samu cigaba mai kyau wajen magance cutar HIV, kuma yawancin mutanen da ke fama da cutar suna rayuwa marasa lafiya. (SIDA wata cuta ce mai tsanani da ta kamu da kwayar cutar ta HIV bayan da yawan jini a jikin jini ya sauko da rashin lafiya.)
Akwai wasu nau'o'in maganin antiretroviral:
- masu ƙuntata protease
- ƙungiyar masu haɗaka
- magungunan / nucleotide baya inhibitors
- wadanda ba su da magungunan ƙwayoyin fassara
- shigarwa masu shigarwa
- Ciwon kwayar cutar HIV ta haɗa kai tsaye (INSTIs)
Wadannan kwayoyi sunyi amfani da matakai daban-daban na yaduwar kwayoyin cutar. Bayanan kula, masu juyawa suna sake yin amfani da su ta hanyar sake fassarawa.
Lura cewa wannan jerin ba ta da cikakkun bayanai, kuma akwai wasu kwayoyi masu yawa waɗanda ke magance cututtuka. Da daidaitaccen bayanin kula, hanyoyin aiwatarwa sun fi rikitarwa fiye da gabatarwa a nan. Maimakon haka, don Allah ya gode da wannan labarin a matsayin mahimmanci a kan batun.
Sakamakon Zaɓuɓɓuka
Elston DM. Babi na 231. Drugs Antiviral. A cikin: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K. eds. Fitzpatrick ta Dermatology a General Medicine, 8th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012. Samun shiga Yuli 01, 2015.
Safrin S. Antiviral Agents. A cikin: Katzung BG, Trevor AJ. eds. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015 Samun shiga Yuli 01, 2015.