Ra'ayoyin ba shine damuwa da lafiyar jama'a ba, amma yana ci gaba da umurni da girmamawa saboda sakamakon da ya faru. Kwayar cutar ta hanyar kwayar cutar ta hanyar motsa jiki ne kawai, kuma idan aka bari ba tare da gurgunta ba, zai iya haifar da bayyanar cututtukan da ke ciki kamar zazzabi, ciwon kai, tsarkewa da ƙari, ƙwayoyin tsoka, ciwon zuciya, da rikice-rikice.
Za'a iya hana kisa tare da daya daga cikin maganin rigakafin FDA guda biyu. Hanyoyi, farawa da sauri bayan ciyawa, zasu iya taimaka wa mutane ba tare da wani mutum ba don kawar da cutar. Abin baƙin ciki, sau daya bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana, cutar kusan kusan m.
A cewar kididdiga daga Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC), kawai rahoton 23 na rabies na mutum an ruwaito a Amurka daga 2008 zuwa 2017.
Cutar cututtuka
A lokacin farkon matakan kamuwa da cutar, akwai ƙananan, idan akwai, alamun cututtuka banda zazzaɓi ko ciwon kai. Lokacin tsakanin bayyanar da cututtukan cututtuka, wanda aka sani da lokacin shiryawa, zai iya tafiya ko'ina daga 20 zuwa 90 days a matsakaici.
Yayin da kamuwa da cuta ke ci gaba da cigaba da hanyar zuwa kwakwalwa, alamun bayyanar cututtuka (ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa) da meningitis (ƙonewar kyakyawa da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa da kashin baya) zai ci gaba. A lokacin wannan cutar na gaba, mutum zai iya fara samun ci gaba mai mahimmanci da kuma sau da yawa na bayyanar cututtukan jiki da na neuropsychiatric, ciki har da
- Rashin ci
- Nuna da zubar
- Sensitivity zuwa haske
- Sugar salivation
- Raguwa da damuwa
- Paranoia
- Abubuwa mara kyau (ciki har da tashin hankali da kuma ta'addanci)
- Majalisa
- Hydrophobia (ƙishirwa marar ƙishirwa tare da rashin iyawa don haɗiye ko nuna tsoro lokacin da aka gabatar da ruwa don sha)
- Riƙe
- M sashin jiki
Daga wannan batu, cutar tana iya ci gaba da sauri, jagorancin delirium, coma, da mutuwa a cikin kwanaki bakwai zuwa 10. Da zarar bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana, magani bai kusan tasiri.
Kwayar cutar ita ce ta farko da ake kira hydrophobia (tsoron ruwa) saboda alamun sunaye.
Dalilin
Ra'ayoyin da aka lalacewa ta hanyar cutar kwayar da aka sani da lyssavirus , daga cikinsu akwai 14 ƙwayoyin dabba. Kwayar kanta kanta za a iya samuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin a cikin kwayar cutar da kuma kwayoyin jikinsu na dabba mai cutar ko mutum. Abincin dabba shi ne yanayin da ya fi girma, duk da cewa kamuwa da cuta zai iya wucewa ta hanyar kula da dabbobi masu mutuwa. Koma tsakanin mutane yana da wuya.
Da zarar mutum yana ciwo, ya warwatse, ko kuma ya fallasa shi da kamuwa da kwayoyin jiki (ko dai ta hanyar idanu, hanci, baki, ko kuma fata), cutar za ta yi tafiya ta hanyar jijiyoyin tsakiya na tsakiya zuwa ga kwakwalwa da kwakwalwa.
A Amurka, cikewar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa ta fi nisa hanya mafi yawa na dabba ta dabba-mutum, sannan ta haɗu daga karnuka masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Sauran ƙwayoyin cutar Arewacin Arewacin Amirka sun hada da raccoons, skunks, foxes, shanu, coyotes, da kullun gida.
Jihohi da mafi girma na rabies dabba shine Texas, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Maryland, New Jersey, Georgia, da California.
Sanin asali
Har zuwa yau, babu gwaje-gwajen da za a iya gano asalin rabies na mutum kafin a fara bayyanar cututtuka. Saboda haka, za a fara fara magani idan mutum ya ciji mutum ko dabba da ake zargi da ciwon rabies. Bisa ga mummunar yanayin kamuwa da cutar rabies, babu dalilin da zai jira.
Abin da aka ce, idan dabba da ake zargi ya mutu, za a iya gwada gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar daukar samfurori samfurori daga kwakwalwa. Idan akwai dabba mai nuna alama, kula da dabba zai sanya shi don kwakwalwar kwakwalwa za a iya samo shi don gwaji.
Jiyya
Lokaci yana da asali ne idan an yi la'akari da ɗaukar rabies.
Jiyya ya ƙunshi alamun hudu na maganin alurar rigakafi da kuma harbi guda daya da miyagun ƙwayoyi da ake kira rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG). HRIG yana dauke da kwayoyin cutar da bazasu iya sarrafawa ba har sai maganin alurar riga ya fara aiki.
An baiwa HRIG ne kawai ga mutanen da ba a taɓa yin rigakafin rigakafi ba saboda rabies. An allura kai tsaye cikin rauni. Duk wani mai rushewa zai shiga cikin tsoka mai nisa daga inda ake yada maganin alurar riga kafi. (Gwajirar kamfanin na HRIG kusa da shafin rigakafi na iya tsoma baki tare da amsawar da ba a yi ba.)
Akwai shirye-shiryen HRIG guda biyu da aka amince don wannan dalili:
- Imogam Rabies-HT (rabies ɗan adam ba tare da yaduwar globulin ba)
- HyperRab TM S / D (rabies ɗan adam ba shi da amfani da globulin)
Dole ne a fara jiyya ba tare da bata lokaci ba kuma baya bayan kwanaki 10 bayan daukan hotuna. Rigar farko na HRIG da kuma maganin rigakafin rabies an ba da su nan da nan; Sauran maganin maganin alurar rigakafi uku an ba su uku, bakwai, da kwanaki 14 bayan haka.
Hanyoyi masu illa sune mawuyaci kuma zasu iya haɗawa da ciwon guraben ciwon daji da kuma zazzabi.
Rigakafin
Akwai wasu maganin rigakafi guda biyu da aka amince don amfani a Amurka, duka biyu an yi tare da cutar mara kyau wanda ba zai haifar da kamuwa da cuta ba:
- Imovax (maganin alurar rigakafin dan adam)
- RabAvert (maganin alurar riga kafi na jaririn embryo)
Dukkanansu suna tsoma baki a cikin tsoka na babba a cikin asurai uku. Bayan harbi na farko, an ba da na biyu kwanaki bakwai, kuma na uku an ba da kwanaki 14 zuwa 21 bayan haka.
Yayinda cututtukan lalacewa sun kasance mai laushi (ciki har da ciwon gurasar maganin, mahaukaci, ciwon kai, da tashin zuciya), wasu mutane sun san cewa suna fama da mummunar cututtuka da ake kira anaphylaxis. Dalilin da ya sa RabAvert ya kamata a kauce masa a cikin mutane da sanannun ƙwayar zuma da kuma maye gurbin tare da Imovax.
Kullum yana magana, wani jerin maganin rigakafin rabies yana baka dama shekaru 10 na kare kariya. Ga wadanda suke da mummunar haɗari na rabies, za a iya ba da takaddun shaida a kowane watanni shida zuwa shekaru biyu, kamar yadda ake bukata. Mutanen da suke cikin haɗari sun hada da:
- Wadanda ke shiga cikin haɗuwa da namun daji a yankunan da ake raunuka rabies sune sanannu (ciki har da jami'an kare namun daji, masu shayarwa, masu shayar da dabba, da kuma kudan zuma)
- Matafiya na duniya wanda zasu iya haɗuwa da dabbobi a wasu sassa na duniya inda rabies ke da ƙari
Kalma Daga
Nasarar da jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a ke yi a kan sarrafa rabies a Amurka ba su da wani ƙananan ƙwayar rigakafi na dabbobin gidan gida. Kowace jiha na da alamun maganin alurar rigakafi amma ban da Kansas, Missouri, da kuma Ohio. Wannan ya ce, a tsakanin wadanda suke yin haka, dokokin na iya bambanta da lokacin maganin alurar riga kafi, da bukatar buguwa, kuma ko karnuka suna bukatan su amma cats ba suyi ba.
Ba tare da la'akari da abin da dokokin jiharku ke fada ba, yana da muhimmanci a kare lafiyar ku kuma ku bi jagorancin maganin alurar rigakafi da Cibiyar Asibitin Dabbobin Amirka (AAHA) ta bayar.
Don haka, duk karnuka, 'yan gwadawa, da kaya za a ba su kashi daya daga cikin maganin alurar rigakafi a baya fiye da watanni uku, sannan kuma wani karamin harbi ya shude a shekara guda, da kuma karin karar da aka ba a kowace shekara uku.
Ta hanyar kare lafiyar ku, ku ma za ku kare iyalinku da al'ummarku.
> Sources:
> Ƙungiyar Asibiti ta {asar Amirka (AAHA). Rabies Vaccination. Lakewood, Colorado; bayar da 2017.
> Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). Mutum Mutum. Atlanta, Jojiya; sabunta Agusta 23, 2017.
> CDC. Rabies Care Care - Mutum ba zai iya shiga Globulin ba. Updated Maris 23, 2016.
> Yousaf, M. Qasim, M. Zia, S. et al. Rashin kwayoyin ilimin kwayoyin halitta, ganewar asali, rigakafi, da magani. Virol J. 2012; 9: 50. DOI 10.1186 / 1743-422X-9-50.