Smallpox wani cututtuka ne mai cututtuka wanda cutar ta bambancewa ta cutar ta kawar da shi ta hanyar yaduwar rigakafi a duniya a shekara ta 1980, ma'anar cewa ba ta auku a yanayi. Rashin fashewar halitta na karshe a Amurka ya kasance a 1949. Duk da haka, karamin kwayar cutar daya daga cikin cututtukan cututtuka na dubban shekaru, inda ya kashe mutum uku daga cikin mutane 10 da suka yi kwangila kuma suka bar wasu mutane tare da ci gaba ko kuma makanta.
Sakamakon bayyanar cututtuka sune kama da mura kuma mummunar tasowa a cikin 'yan kwanaki, haifar da mummunan ɓangaren da za su dashi kuma su fadi.
Tarihi
Asalin kananan sharuɗan ba shi da tabbas, amma an yi imani cewa an samo asali ne a Misira ko Indiya. Smallpox kai Turai zuwa tsakanin karni na biyar da na bakwai kuma ya kasance a manyan biranen Turai a cikin karni na 18. An yi annoba a yankunan Arewacin Amirka a shekarun 17th da 18th. A wani lokacin karamin cututtuka ya kasance babbar cuta a kowace ƙasa a ko'ina cikin duniya sai dai Australia da wasu tsibirin tsibirin. Miliyoyin mutane sun mutu a dukan duniya, musamman ma a Turai da Mexico, saboda sakamakon annobar cutar kututturewa.
Variolation
Rashin furucin kwayar cutar ya fara tare da fahimtar cewa wadanda suka tsira daga cutar ba su da kariya ga sauran rayukansu. Wannan ya haifar da aikin bambanci-wata hanyar yada mutum mai lafiya don kamuwa da kwayoyin halitta daga mutum da ƙananan manoma a cikin fata na samar da karamin kwari a cikin wani nau'i mai ƙwayar cuta wadda ta samar da rigakafi daga ƙarin kamuwa da cuta.
Littafin farko da aka rubuta game da bambanci ya bayyana wani zauren Buddha yana yin shi a kusa da 1022 zuwa 1063 AD. Tana taɗa ƙyallen da aka cire daga mutumin da ke dauke da ƙananan maniyyi a cikin foda, sa'an nan kuma busa shi a cikin hanzarin wani mutum marar rigakafi. A cikin shekarun 1700, wannan hanya ta bambanci ya kasance al'ada a China, India, da Turkey.
A ƙarshen shekarun 1700, likitocin Turai sunyi amfani da wannan kuma wasu hanyoyi na bambanci. Wasu mutanen da suka bambanta har yanzu sun mutu ne da kananan kwayoyin cutar, amma wannan aikin ya rage yawan adadin kananan cututtuka.
Alurar riga kafi
Mataki na gaba don kawar da kananan kwayar cutar ya faru tare da lura da likitancin Ingila, Edward Jenner, cewa masu samar da jaririn da suka bunkasa kwayar cutar (rashin lafiya mai tsanani) basu ci gaba da bayyanar cututtukan ƙwayar cutar ba a lokacin da aka nuna su zuwa bambancin. Da wannan binciken, a cikin shekara 1796, Jenner ya ɗauki ruwa daga wata tsutsoro marayu a kan yarinyar mai bawan baya kuma ya hana dan yaro mai shekaru 9. Makonni shida bayan haka, ya nuna wa yaro yaron yaro, kuma yaron bai ci gaba da nuna alamun ba. Jenner ya sanya kalmar "maganin alurar riga kafi" daga kalmar "vaca," wanda ke nufin "saniya" a Latin. An fara yin aikinsa a farkon lokaci amma an sami karɓa da sauri da karɓa. A shekara ta 1800, kimanin mutane 100,000 aka riga an yi masa rigakafi a duniya.
Alurar rigakafi ta zamani wanda Cibiyar Abincin da Drug ta bayar (LDD) ta karbi daga cikin mummunar cutar da ake kira "Cibiyar Kiwon lafiya na New York City". An samar da shi daga Wyeth Laboratories kuma lasisi a karkashin sunan Dryvax. Cigabaccen cutar ta kananan kwayoyi a Amurka ya faru a Jihar Texas a 1949 tare da lokuta 8 da 1 mutuwar.
Ko da yake mafi yawan Arewacin Amirka, yammacin Turai, Australia, da New Zealand basu da kumburi a wannan lokaci, wasu ƙasashe irin su Afirka da Indiya sun ci gaba da fama da annoba.
Cirewa
A shekara ta 1967, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta fara yakin duniya don kawar da kananan kwayoyin cutar. An cimma nasarar wannan manufa a cikin shekaru 10 saboda babban ɓangare ga kokarin gwajin alurar riga kafi. Cikon karshe na karamin kwari ya faru a Somaliya a shekarar 1977. Ranar 8 ga watan Mayu, 1980, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana cewa duniya ba ta da kariya daga kananan kwayoyin cutar.
{Asar Amirka ta daina maganin alurar rigakafin jama'a, a 1972, amma ta ci gaba da yin maganin alurar riga kafi.
An bayar da shawarar cewa, an riga an dakatar da aikin rigakafi, a 1986, kuma an riga an dakatar da alurar riga kafi, a cikin sojoji, a 1990.
Cutar cututtuka
Lokacin da aka fara nuna maka cutar kututture, kana cikin abin da ake kira lokacin shiryawa. Ba zaku ciwo ba kuma ba za ku sami alamun cututtuka ba don wasu kwanaki 7 zuwa 19. Kwayoyin cututtuka na ƙananan kwari farawa tare da babban zazzabi, ciwon kai, gajiya, da kuma jiki, da kuma wani lokacin zubar, duk wanda zai iya wucewa daga kwana biyu zuwa hudu. Kuna iya kasancewa a cikin wannan batu.
Bayan 'yan kwanaki daga baya, za ku ci gaba da raguwa wanda yake farawa a bakinku da yadawa, juya zuwa tasowa da kuma cike da cike da kullun da ɓawon burodi, scab, kuma ya fadi bayan kimanin makonni uku, yana barin raguwa. Hakanan zaka iya ci gaba da ɓoye a cikin hanci da baki. Kuna da damuwa sosai sau ɗaya lokacin raguwa ya fara, kuma kun kasance mai ciwo har sai tsofaffi na tsofaffin karamin yaro ya fadi.
Dalilin
Smallpox ne kamuwa da cuta wanda cutar ta bambance ta haifar. Ana iya samun kwangila daga wani haɗuwa da wani mutum, ta hanyar iska a cikin gidan da aka rufe (da wuya), ko kuma daga tuntuɓar abubuwan da aka gurbata, kamar su blanket da tufafi. Babu tabbaci cewa an shimfiɗa kwayar cutar ta kananan dabbobi ko kwari.
Sanin asali
Saboda an kawar da ƙananan cututtukan dan lokaci, mafi yawan likitoci ba za su iya fadawa cewa kwayar cutar ba ce da nan, wanda ke nufin cewa zai iya yadawa da sauri kafin a iya gane ganewar asali. Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka na Cututtuka (CDC) zai buƙaci gwada jikin mutum wanda ya kamu da cutar don tabbatar da kananan kwayoyin cutar. Abinda aka tabbatar, a ko'ina cikin duniya, zai haifar da gaggawa ta gaggawa.
Jiyya
Babu wani magani da yayi ga kanananpo. Kwayar cutar kankara yana hana mutane daga samun karamin jima'i kuma za'a iya amfani dashi idan fashewa zai faru. Idan ka samu maganin alurar rigakafi a cikin kwana uku na bayyanar da cutar, maganin zai iya hana ka daga samun kananan kwayoyin cutar. Idan har yanzu kuna ci gaba da kamuwa da cutar, to mai yiwuwa ne mai tsanani. Idan ka samu alurar a cikin kwanaki huɗu zuwa bakwai bayan da ka shafe, zai yiwu ka ba ka kariya kuma a sake, zai iya haifar da rashin lafiya. Da zarar raguwa ya ci gaba, maganin ba zai taimaka ba.
Antivirals na iya zama wuri a zalunta kanananpo, amma wannan ya kasance marar haske kamar yadda yake a yanzu. Zai yiwu ya kamata ka kasance da jin dadi, tabbatar da cewa ka kasance mai tsabta, da kuma magance duk wani bayyanar cututtuka ko matsalolin da zai iya haifar da su, kamar su ba ku maganin rigakafi don kamuwa da cutar kwayan cuta.
Kalma Daga
Tarihin bunƙasa da fadi da kananan kwayoyin halitta shine kyakkyawan labari ga maganin zamani da lafiyar jama'a. Kodayake kusan an gano dukkanin hannun jari na kwayar cutar variola lokacin da aka kwashe kananan kwayoyin cutar, an adana kwayar variola a wurare guda biyu don dalilai na bincike - ɗaya a CDC a Atlanta, Georgia, kuma daya a Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kimiyya kan Virology da Rasha. Biotechnology a Rasha Federation. Bisa ga CDC, yana yiwuwa amma bazai yiwu ba za a iya amfani da kwayar cutar variola a cikin wani harin ta'addanci na halitta, saboda haka akwai shirin da zai faru a yayin da matsalar gaggawa ta faru. Alal misali, akwai maganin alurar riga kafi mai ƙwayar cutar ƙanƙara wanda zai samo asali ga kowane mutum guda a Amurka idan akwai cutar fashewa ko harin.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). Smallpox. Updated Yuli 12, 2017.
> Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). Smallpox: Rigakafin da magani. Updated Yuni 7, 2016.
> Mayo Clinic Staff. Smallpox. Mayo Clinic. Updated Yuli 26, 2017.
> Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO). Tambayoyi da Amsoshin Tambayoyi akai-akai akan Ƙananan Kasuwanci. Updated Yuni 28, 2016.