Menene MMR?
MMR, wanda ke tsaye ga mumps / measles / rubella, yana daya daga cikin maganin alurar rigakafi da dama (maganin rigakafi na kaji da kuma maganin alurar rigakafi na hanci shine wasu biyu). An ba da shi a hankali a watanni 12 zuwa 15, wanda shine shekaru lokacin da autism ya fara bayyanawa. Sabanin maganin alurar rigakafi da kuma sauran ƙwayoyin rigakafin yara, ƙwayar mumps / measles / rubella ba ta dauke shi da thimerosal (wanda ake tsare da mercury).
Ta yaya MMR Vaccine ta kasance mai kawo rigima?
Damuwa game da MMR ya fara ne a 1992 lokacin da Dr. Andrew Wakefield, a lokacin likitancin Birtaniya, ya jarraba kananan yara 12 da kuma ba tare da autism ba. A cewar wani rahoton da ya danganci wannan binciken, binciken ya gano wata hanyar haɗi tsakanin cutar kyanda a gut da autism. Ka'idar ta gabatar da cewa wasu yara suna da tsinkaye na kwayoyin halitta don magance matsalolin - kuma da dama magungunan muhalli sun fara kai farmaki ga tsarin rigakafi na yara a farkon lokaci, saboda haka ya haifar da bayyanar autism.
Masu bincike a Wakefield na Texas tushen tushen da aka kira gidan ƙwaƙwalwa sun ce "Yara ya taso da ƙuƙwalwa, lalacewar nama yana ci gaba da mummunar, tsarin na rigakafi ya kara raguwa, kuma halayen motsa jiki farawa, sa'annan yara da dama suna fama da wani mummunan yanayi. na rashin lafiya ko rashin lafiya.
An lalata tsarin rigakafi kuma yarinyar ya ci gaba da raguwa. Wasu iyaye suna ba da rahoto sosai, amma yara da yawa suna nuna autism bayan wani taron. Suna shiga asibiti ko kuma sun samu harbi MMR kuma ba su sake zama ba. Autism shine karshen sakamakon wannan fasalin halayen. "
Wadannan ikirarin ba su goyan bayan wani nazari ba tare da wadanda suka yi kokarin ba da nasara don sake yin sakamako ba. Yawan binciken nazarin ilimin annoba da aka yi wa matasa ya nuna babu wani haɗi tsakanin MMR da autism. A gaskiya ma, Dr. Wakefield ya fara nazarin asali. Goma daga cikin marubuta 12 sun bar goyon baya daga labarin.
CDC, Cibiyoyin Magungunan Medicine, da sauran manyan cibiyoyin bincike sun duba batun kuma sun gano cewa akwai alamun shaida mai yawa cewa babu wata dangantaka tsakanin kwayar cutar ta MMR da autism kuma babu tabbacin shaida cewa akwai haɗin haɗi . Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa, 'ya'ya masu tsauri suna da ƙananan matsalolin gastrointestinal. Bugu da ƙari, wasu bincike sun nuna cewa wasu irin hulɗar dake tsakanin kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli na iya taimakawa wajen autism. Wadannan karatun, duk da haka, ba su nuna alamar haɗin kai tsakanin MMR da autism ba - kuma, a halin yanzu, yawancin nazarin kasa da kasa ba su sami hanyar haɗi ba.
A shekara ta 2010, Wakefield ya yi murabus daga gidan koli, kuma kungiyar ta canja sunansa zuwa Cibiyar Johnson na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a. Wannan ya faru kusan nan da nan bayan Wakefield ya janye lasisin likitancin Birtaniya don cin zarafi.
Dukan waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru, binciken, da kuma sanarwa, duk da haka, ba su ƙare imani cewa akwai hanyar haɗi tsakanin maganin alurar rigakafi da autism ba . Ko da annobar cutar kyanda a duka Birtaniya da Amurka saboda maganin rigakafi ba ya canza wasu hankalinsu ba. Akwai shawarwari cewa bincike da hukumomin gwamnati suka gudanar sun yi kuskure ko kuma an dakatar da shaida daga jama'a. Wasu masu adawa da MMR sunyi iƙirarin cewa masu binciken da suka yi aiki ga NIH da CDC sun fito daga kuma sun koma ga manyan kamfanonin magani - kuma su da kamfanonin suna da kudi mai yawa.
An ci gaba da yin imanin da aka samu ta hanyar autism / MMR tare da wasu masu shahararrun mutane - jagorancin Jenny McCarthy - da kuma kungiyoyin da ke ginin Wakefield.
Duk da yake wadannan kungiyoyi sun ci gaba, suna da nisa sosai fiye da sun dawo a tsakiyar shekara ta 2000. Abin sha'awa, duk da haka, wasu mutane masu ilimi, masu zaman kansu da kuma kungiyoyi masu yawa sun karɓo su saboda wanda aka yarda da yanayin "tsabta" (kyauta) kyauta ne don lafiyar lafiyarsu da 'ya'yansu.
Layin Ƙasa:
Duk da binciken da ake gudana da kuma ka'idodi masu tasowa, an fahimci kadan game da dalilin ko yasa autism. Haɗuwa da abubuwan muhalli da tsinkaye na kwayoyin halitta zasu iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haifar da autism. Girman nauyin shaidar kimiyya, duk da haka, ya gaya mana cewa maganin rigakafi kamar MMR ba sa haifar da autism.
Sources:
> Alurar riga kafi da kuma > Autism: A > Aiki na Cikin Gudanar da CDC ko Tattaunawar Talla.
> Andrew Wakefield, Mahaifin Ma'aikatar Anti-Vaccine, Ta Yi Magana da Tsarin Harshen Tsarin Yau na Farko. Newsweek, Fabrairu 10, 2015.
> Interview Email tare da masu bincike House bincike ma'aikatan, 2009.
> Kimiyyar Kimiyya: "Age of > Autism: Pox > Sassan 1-4".
> "Immunity Cutar" a cikin Rolling Stone Magazine, 20 ga Yuni, 2005. F. DeStefano Thimerosal-Ciki da Gurasa: Shaida ta Sha'idar Jama'a. Drug Saf. 2009 Janairu 8 (1): 1-4.
> H Honda et al. Babu wani sakamako na MMR Gyarawa game da Rashin Imanin Autism: Hidimar Nazarin Jama'a. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2005 Yuni; 46 (6): 572-9.