Tsarkewar ƙwayar cuta shine nau'i na cutar kwakwalwa ta jiki ta hanyar tsangwamawa na kwandon daji. Tare da tsutsa jiki, ya zama da wuya ga zuciya don zubar da jini a jikin jikin. Cikakken cututtuka zai iya tasiri sosai cikin aikin zuciya, samar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, kuma zai iya haifar da mutuwa har sai dai idan an bi shi.
Mene Ne Cutar Tsari?
Jigon kwalliya ta haɓaka yana buɗewa tsakanin hagu tsakanin ventricle na hagu da aorta. Yayin da ventricle na hagu ya fara yin kwangila, sai valfin ya buɗe don ya bari jini a cikin hagu na hagu ya fita daga cikin zuciya , zuwa cikin aorta, kuma zuwa ga sauran jiki. Da zarar ventricle na hagu ya gama yin kwangila, toshe mai kwakwalwa ya rufe shi don kiyaye jini daga wankewa cikin ventricle.
Lokacin da mutum ya tayar da hanzari, kwarjin su na kasa ya buɗe gaba daya lokacin da ventricle fara farawa, don haka zuciya dole yayi aiki da yawa don yada jini a kan ɓangaren da aka rufe. Wannan karin damuwa akan zuciya zai iya haifar da gazawar zuciya da sauran matsalolin zuciya.
Mene ne Sanadin ƙwayoyin cuta?
Akwai matsaloli masu yawa waɗanda zasu iya haifar da ƙyama, kamar:
- Saukewa da lissaftawa : A cikin mutane fiye da shekara saba'in, dalilin da ya fi dacewa da tsutsa jiki shine "lalacewa da hawaye." Tare da lokacin sassaucin lokaci, valve mai kwakwalwa zai fara farawa, haifar da ƙwayoyin kwalliya don tara a kan bawul din. Wadannan sunadarai sunyi kuskuren akan bude valvular, suna haifar da stortosis.
- Bulasurid valve valve : Mafi yawan abin da ya fi dacewa da yaduwar kwayar cutar a cikin ƙananan yara shine basirar bicuspid. A wannan yanayin an haife mutum tare da kwandon daji wanda ya ƙunshi "ƙusa" guda biyu (watau flaps) maimakon na al'ada uku. Boususpid aortic valves suna musamman yiwuwa ga samuwar alli calcium-kuma ta haka ne, to aortic stenosis. Mutanen da ke da ƙwayar cuta ta jiki suna ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin 40s da 50s.
- Cutar zuciya mai rheumatic: Ba wai shekaru da yawa da suka gabata ba, cutar cututtuka ta rheumatic ita ce babbar hanyar cututtuka a cikin duniya ci gaba. Amma tare da ci gaban maganin maganin rigakafin maganin cutar kwayoyin cutar streptococcus , da kuma ragewa ta ƙarshe a lokuta na zazzabi na rheumatic , cutar zuciya ta rheumatic ya zama sananne.
- Centenic storosis : Da dama matsaloli na ciki baya ga bicuspid bawul na iya samar da stortosis aortic. Wadannan sun haɗa da nau'in nau'i na nau'ikan kwandon daji, da mawuyacin tsari na hana ciwon zuciya na zuciya a sama ko a kasa ainihin valve mai kwakwalwa. Wadannan karin siffofin da ke tattare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a yawanci suna gani a yara.
Wadanne Matsala ne ke faruwa da kwayar cutar ta jiki?
Tare da tsutsa jiki, zubar da jinin daga hagu na ventricle ya ɓacewa, don haka ya zama da wuya ga zuciya don fitar da jini. Wannan aikin zuciya na zuciya yana sanya damuwa mai mahimmanci a kan ƙwayar ventricular hagu, wanda zai sa shi ya zama mai tsalle, ko "hypertrophy."
Wannan haɓakar hypertrophy na ventricular zai iya haifar da ciwon halayen diastolic da ciwon zuciya na diastolic , wanda tsofaffin tsofaffin jiki "ke kara" ventricle, kuma ya sa ya fi wahala ga ventricles cika da jini a tsakanin zuciya.
Ciwon cututtuka na ƙarshe ya haifar. Wadannan bayyanar cututtukan sun hada da dyspnea (rashin ƙarfi na numfashi), sauƙi gajiya da rage haƙuri da haƙuri, da kuma kara yawan haɗari na ƙaddamar da filastillation .
Yayinda tsinkar cutar ta ruɓa, angina zai iya faruwa, kazalika da farfadowar lightheadedness har ma da aiki tare (asarar sani) a yayin aiki.
Tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, ƙwayar magungunan hagu na iya canzawa daga kasancewa mai tsayi kuma mai tsanani ga zama mai rauni da raguwa-yanayin da ake kira cardiomyopathy . Da zarar tsigurar ƙwayar cuta ta haifar da cututtuka na zuciya, ƙin zuciya zai iya zama wanda ba zai yiwu ba.
Kwanan nan mutuwa mutuwa ce ta yau da kullum tare da mummunan cututtuka.
Yaya Yaduwar Cutar Da Aka Yi Magunguna?
Saboda rashin tsabtace ƙwayar cututtukan jiki yana da saurin mutuwa, yin ganewar asali mahimmanci ne. Abin farin cikin, bincikar maganin ƙwaro a yau ba yawancin wahala ba ne.
Doctors zama m na rashin ƙarfi stortosis lokacin da marasa lafiya ke da'awar "hankula" bayyanar cututtuka (shortness na numfashi, rage haƙuri motsa jiki, zafi ciwo, dizziness, ko syncope). Zai fi dacewa, likita za ta zama abin ƙyama daga ƙyamar jikin mutum kafin bayyanar cututtuka ta bunkasa idan sun ji motsin zuciya wanda yake da yanayin wannan yanayin. Ana iya tabbatar da ganewar asali ta hanyar echocardiogram .
Yin maganin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta
Yin maganin wariyar launin fata shine m maye gurbin valve. Drug far zai iya inganta bayyanar cututtuka na dan lokaci, amma kyakkyawan ba shi da tasiri saboda matsalar ita ce ƙwarewa na ingancin kwari. Don haka a lokacin da mutum ya kamu da ƙwayar cuta, wannan tambaya bai saba ko yin aikin tiyata ba, amma a lokacin.
A matsayinka na yau da kullum, maye gurbin kwandon motar ya kamata a yi ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙwaƙwalwar mutum ya fara haifar da alamar cututtuka - rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, zafi ciwo, dizziness, ko syncope. Da zarar wani daga cikin wadannan bayyanar cututtuka ya haifar da yaduwar kwayar cutar, ƙayyadadden matsayi na rai ba tare da sauya valve ba shine 2 ko 3 shekaru. Lokacin sauya valve mai sauƙi ya inganta wannan farfadowa. Da zarar an bincikar mutum tare da gurguntaccen ƙwayar cuta, yana da muhimmanci a kula da su don kowane alamar inganta waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka.
Domin tiyata ba zato ba tsammani ya sauya haɗari ga ƙwayar jini, a cikin mafi yawan lokuta katin zuciya yana inganta sosai bayan an canza sauya. Don haka har ma mutanen da suke da tsofaffin tsofaffi kuma suna da matukar damuwa sosai na iya yin kyau sosai bayan aikin tiyata.
Hakanan kwakwalwan da aka yi amfani da su don maye gurbin valve aortic wanda ke da ƙwayar cuta yana iya haɗawa da kayan aiki ne na mutum (ƙananan shafuka), ko kuma za'a iya yin su daga kwamin zuciya na dabba, a kullum alade (farfadowa na halitta). Yanke wane nau'i na bashi na wucin gadi don amfani ya dogara da shekarun mutum, kuma ko za su iya ɗaukar jini mai kama da na Coumadin .
Duk kayan kwakwalwa na wucin gadi sun karu da karuwa don samar da jini. Duk da haka, jinin jini ba shi da wata matsala tare da bawulfan halittu fiye da yadda yake tare da bawul na inji, don haka mutane da tsohon bazaiyi amfani da farfadowa na al'ada ba; waɗanda suke tare da ƙamus na injiniya. A wani ɓangaren kuma, shafuka masu amfani da kayan aiki suna ganin suna wucewa fiye da abubuwan kwarjini.
Saboda haka ga mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar a ƙarƙashin shekarun da suka kai shekaru 65 da zasu iya daukar Coumadin, ana amfani dasu da kwakwalwa na zuciya. A cikin mutane fiye da 65, ko kuma waɗanda ba za su iya ɗaukar Coumadin ba, ana bada shawarar shawarar kwastar mai kwakwalwa.
Ƙarƙashin Nama Kaiwa don Kula da Ƙarƙashin Ƙari
Gurasar da ba ta da haɗari fiye da sauyawa na sauƙi suna ci gaba.
A cikin kwarjiniya mai kwakwalwa , an kwashe gilashin balloon a fadin kwandar daji kuma an fadi balloon don rarraba wasu daga cikin kwandon masarar a kan bawul din. Wannan sau da yawa yana ba da damar bawul din buɗewa sosai, kuma yana sauke wasu daga cikin ɓacin zuciya. Abin baƙin ciki shine, valvulotomy ba zai samar da sakamakon taimako ba, kuma zai iya haifar da matsaloli mai tsanani.
Wata hanya ta hanyar maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta shine ƙaddamar da valve mai kwakwalwa (TAVI) . Yawancin na'urorin TAVI suna ci gaba da cigaba, kuma an yarda da wasu don amfani da asibiti a marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da haɗari sosai don aikin tilasta gyaran valfo. Duk da haka, rikitarwa tare da TAVI a wannan mahimmancin factor factor. Dukkan TAVI da valvulotomy a wannan lokaci an ajiye su ne ga mutanen da ke da mummunan cututtuka wanda bazai iya yiwuwa su tsira da sauyawa ba.
Kalma Daga
Tsarin zuciya na jiki shine nau'in cututtukan zuciya na valvular wanda ke hana jinin jini daga zuciya. Ƙara kututturewa ta jiki yana haifar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, kuma rage rage rai. Abin farin ciki, tare da maganin likitoci na zamani, mutanen da ke da ƙwayar cuta suna iya yin kyau sosai.
> Sources:
> Eveborn GW, Schirmer H, Heggelund G, et al. Cutar Kariyar Halitta na Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙwayar cuta. binciken Tromsø. Zuciya 2013; 99: 396.
> Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack M, et al. Transcatheter Aortic-valve Aiwatarwa ga cutar Aortic sSenosis a marasa lafiya wanda ba zai iya magance tiyata. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 1597.
> Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 Dokta / ACC Tsarin Dokar Kula da Marasa lafiya Tare da Ciwon Zuciya Valvular: Rahoton Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka da Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka game da Sharuɗɗan Ɗaukaka. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63: e57.