Ƙarfafa fitar da cikakken bayani
An kwantar da cututtuka a cikin jiki kamar yanayin da jiki ba shi da cikakken jinin jinin jini ko ragewa a cikin yawan kwayoyin jini (RBCs). RBCs, wanda ake kira erythrocytes suna da siffar kamar ƙananan sharaɗɗa, ƙananan kwaskwarima kuma suna dauke da haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar ƙarfin baƙin ƙarfe. Jinin yana samun haske mai launi yayin da haemoglobin ya ɗauki oxygen a cikin huhu.
Yayin da jinin yana tafiya cikin jiki, hawan hemoglobin ya bar oxygen zuwa jikin jiki da nama. Abun ciki shine rashi a cikin adadin wadannan RBCs.
Amma menene hakan yake nufi? Yaya cutar anemia ta shafi ɗan da ba a taɓa haihuwa ba kuma menene za'a iya yi don taimakawa wajen magance matsalar?
Abun ciki shine yanayin da ya dace kuma zai iya faruwa don dalilai daban-daban. Kafin haihuwar, yaduwar jinin jariri yana dauke da ƙarin jinin jinin don taimakawa wajen karɓar oxygen daga jinin mahaifiyar ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta. Da zarar an haifa jariri, kuma ana samun karin oxygen, basu da bukatar waɗannan ƙarin jinin jini saboda sun fara numfashi akan kansu. Ta hanyar wannan canji, jiki yana dakatar da samar da ƙarin jinin jinin saboda akwai nau'in wuce gona da iri a cikin jiki. Yawan adadin RBC a cikin jini zai sauke hankali a hankali.
Lokacin da matakin ya ƙasaita, jiki ya amsa ta fara fara samar da sabon jini.
Wannan shi ne tsari na al'ada na duka cikakkun lokaci da kuma jarirai. A cikin tsofaffi da jarirai, ana yin sabbin jini a yayin da suke tsofaffi kuma an rushe su cikin jiki. Wannan tsari yana faruwa a cikin hawan keke. A cikin jariran da ba a haifa ba, wannan sake zagayowar raunin jini ne mafi saurin sauri kuma yawancin jini yana samar da hankali, sabili da haka jariri wanda ba a taɓa ba shi zai zama mahaukaci sauƙi.
Hakanan zai iya zama alamar jini daga hadarin jini kafin ko a lokacin bayarwa, rashin kuskuren jini na jariri da na uwarsa, buƙatar yin amfani da samfurori na jini don yin gwajin gwaje-gwaje masu dacewa, ko rashin yiwuwar yin yaduwar jini don yadawa tare da Yayi girma da sauri a cikin jariri .
An jarraba jariri a cikin NICU a hankali tare da gwajin jini wanda ake kira Hematocrit da hemoglobin. (Har ila yau, an sani da H & H) Halin na hematoci yayi kimanin yawan jini wanda aka sanya jini a cikin jiki. Yanayin hematocrit na al'ada tsakanin 35 zuwa 65 bisa dari. Halin gwajin haemoglobin yayi la'akari da yadda hawan hemoglobin yake, oxygen dauke da kwayoyin jini a cikin jini. Yanayin haemoglobin na al'ada yana tsakanin 10-17. (Sakamako ta kowace rana) Lambobin suna bambanta sosai dangane da shekaru da lafiyar jaririn. Yara jarirai za su kuma yi gwajin jini da ake kira routinely da ake kira counting reticulocyte. (Har ila yau aka sani da retic) Reticulocytes ne sababbin, kwayoyin jini baƙar fata. Rashin reticulocytes a cikin jini yana nuna cewa jiki yana fara samar da jikinsa na jini.
Jiki yana buƙatar ƙarfe don yin hemoglobin. Idan babu ƙarfin baƙin ƙarfe, haɓakar hemoglobin yana iyakance, wanda a cikin juya yana rinjayar samar da jinin jini.
An haifi jariran da aka haifa tare da ƙananan ƙarfe na ƙarfe cikin jikinsu fiye da jikokin haihuwa. Yayinda abubuwan da suka fara fara girma da kuma fara sake haifar da jinin jinin, sun gudu daga cikin baƙin ƙarfe wanda jikin su ya adana. Don hana ko taimaka moriyar anemia, za'a iya ba da wani ƙarin ƙarfe a kowace rana, wanda yawanci a cikin nau'i na ruwa ya saukad da.
Yawancin jariran sun zama mahaukaci a wani lokaci a yayin zaman NICU. Wasu yara za su iya jure wa marasa lafiya na haemoglobin ba tare da nuna alamun da alamun bayyanar ba. Abubuwa da aka haifa a makonni 28 na gestation ko ƙasa da nauyi a karkashin girar 1000, wadanda ke fama da kamuwa da cuta, ko kuma a kan mai kwakwalwa bazai yarda da ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini ba kuma zai iya buƙatar jinin jini.
Zubar da jini zai iya nuna idan jaririn ya nuna alamun alamun anemia. Alamomi da bayyanar cututtuka na iya haɗawa da launin fata, lalata aiki ko kuma barci, gajiya tare da ciyarwa, ƙara yawan numfashi (tachypnea), ko wahala a numfashi lokacin da yake hutawa, a hankali fiye da karfin al'ada. Mai jariri kuma yana iya samun nauyin zuciya mai zurfi (tachycardia) ko kuma yana iya samun karin sakonni na koyaswa da kuma deaturation.
Ana amfani da karfin jini tare da samfurin jini wanda ake kira jinsin jinin jini. Kwayoyin jini na jini sun haɗa da babban adadin RBCs tare da ƙaramin jini. Jinin jini don transfusion yana haɗuwa da juna don kauce wa jigilar jini tsakanin rukuni da jariri. Ma'ana, yarinyar jariri za a ɗebe shi kuma ya dace tare da na mai bayarwa. A wasu asibitoci, yana iya yiwuwa ga iyaye na jaririn da ba a taɓa yin ba da kyauta zuwa ga jariri. Dole ne iyaye da jariri dole su sami jini mai jituwa, kuma dole ne a jarraba jinin iyaye, kuma ba tare da kamuwa da cuta ba. Bayan an tattara jini ana ɗaukar kimanin awa 72 don shirya shi don transfusing.
Daya daga cikin sababbin jiyya ga anemia, wanda ba a yi amfani dashi ba tukuna, shine amfani da erythropoietin. Erythropoietin wani mummunan yanayi ne wanda yake faruwa a cikin jiki wanda yake karfafa samar da sabon jini. Maganin Erythropoietin ya shafi hotuna, sau uku a mako, kuma an ba shi tare da karin kayan ƙarfe. An riga an yi amfani da Erythropoietin a hankali don maganin anemia a cikin jariri.
Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa anemia shine sakamakon tsarin al'ada ga dukan jariri, amma yana da yanayin musamman ga jariri marar haihuwa. Ana shawo kan cutar ta hanyar cututtuka kuma yana daya daga cikin hanyoyi masu yawa wanda jaririn da aka haifa ba tare da daɗewa ba zai fuskanta a lokacin tafiyar NICU.
> Sources:
> JA Width. Hanyar cututtuka na anemia a lokacin bazara, ciki har da anemia na fari. NeoReviews. 2008; 9: 31-e5
> Bell EF, Strauss RG, Width JA, Mahoney LT, Mock DM, Seward VJ, et al. Gwagwarmayar da aka ƙaddamar da ka'idoji na masu sassaucin ra'ayi da mahimmanci don yaduwar jini na jini a cikin jarirai. Pediatrics. 2005; 115: 1685-1691
> Ceriani Cernadas JM. Tarkon da aka jinkirta jinkirta igiya mai ɗakuna a cikin jarirai na farko: Rubutun RHL (na karshe: 7 Maris 2006). Cibiyar Lafiya ta Harkokin Lafiya ta WHO ; Geneva: Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya
> Von Kohorn, I. & Ehrenkranz, R. Maris na 2009. Abun ciki a cikin jaririn farko: Erythropoietin da transfusion erythrocyte - Ba haka ba ne mai sauki. Clinic Perinatology. 36 (1): 111-123.