A cikin Vivo vs A Vitro - Definition, Similarities da Differences
Idan ka karanta karatun likita, tabbas ka gani cewa wasu suna "cikin vivo" kuma wasu suna "in vitro." Menene ma'anonin da bambance-bambance akan wadannan kalmomi, kuma me ya sa suke da muhimmanci don fahimtar bincike na likita?
Bayani
Ma'anar: A Vivo
Kalmar a vivo tana nufin gwajin likita, gwaji ko tsari wanda aka aikata akan (ko a) kwayoyin halitta, kamar dakin gwaje-gwaje ko dabba.
Ma'anar: A cikin Vitro
Kalmar in vitro, wanda ya bambanta da in vivo, yana nufin binciken likita ko gwaji wanda aka yi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin ɗakin gwajin gwajin ko dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Daidai
Ƙwararrun gwaji ko nazarin likita za a iya yin ko dai a vivo ko in vitro. Wadannan hanyoyi sunyi kama da cewa an yi su ne don samun cigaba a iliminmu da maganin rashin lafiya da cututtuka tare da fahimtar "lafiyar" da kuma ayyukan jiki na al'ada.
Differences
Duk da yake akwai kamance tsakanin binciken vivo da nazarin in vitro, kuma suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar jikin mutum, akwai wasu bambance-bambance masu yawa a yadda ake gudanar da waɗannan nazarin, yadda za'a iya fassara su, da kuma aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace na duk wani binciken da suke sanya.
A cikin Nazarin Nazarin Vitro
Nazarin ilimin likita (irin su neman magani don maganin ciwon daji) sau da yawa farko yi a vitro-ko dai a cikin gwajin gwaji ko dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Misali zai kasance ci gaba da kwayar cutar ciwon daji a cikin tasa a waje na jiki. Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar amfani da nau'o'in matsakaici daban-daban wanda zai ba masu bincike damar girma wadannan kwayoyin jikinsu na jiki.
Ana yin nazari ne a farko a vitro don dalilai nagari. Nazarin a cikin vitro ya ba da izini don ayi nazari a amince, a matsayin ɗan adam ko dabbobi ba a ƙarƙashin wata illa mai yiwuwa ba ko tsangwama na sabon magani.
Wannan yana ba masu bincike damar koyo game da magungunan ƙwayoyi kafin su gabatar da mutane ga waɗannan tasirin. Idan magungunan ƙwayar cutar shan magani , alal misali, ba ya aiki a kan kwayoyin cututtuka da aka girma a cikin tasa, zai zama marasa amfani don mutane suyi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma su haddasa mummunan haɗari.
Aikin bitar yana da mahimmanci a cikin cewa suna bada damar inganta ci gaba da sababbin jiyya-da yawa ana iya nazarin kwayoyi a lokaci ɗaya (kuma za'a iya nazarin su a yawancin samfurori na kwayoyin halitta) kuma kawai wadanda ke da alamun aiki zasu ci gaba nazarin mutum.
Babu wani bayanan biokinetics, a cikin magungunan likita, yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin nazarin in vitro. Rashin rashin amfani da kwayoyin halitta da sauran abubuwa masu tsanani na iya sa ya zama matukar wuya a rage karin sakamakon da za'a iya sa ran lokacin da ake amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a vivo.
A cikin Vivo Clinical Trials
Ya bambanta da nazarin in vitro, a cikin binciken nazarin da ake buƙatar don ganin yadda jiki a matsayin cikakke zai amsa wani abu. A wasu lokuta a cikin bit vitro nazarin magani za su kasance mai alƙawari, amma a cikin nazarin vivo ba su nuna wani inganci (ko, a daya bangaren, gano magani ya zama m) a lokacin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin matakan mota da yawa da suke ci gaba da faruwa a cikin jiki.
Misali na yadda ake buƙatar nazarin halittu don nazarin kwayoyi ne game da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi a jiki. Wani sabon miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya bayyana aiki a cikin tasa, amma ba cikin jikin mutum ba. Zai iya zama cewa ba a tunawa da miyagun ƙwayoyi lokacin da yake shiga cikin ciki, saboda haka yana da tasiri a kan mutane. A wasu lokuta, alal misali idan an ba da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba tare da bata lokaci ba, to amma yana iya yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar yawan nau'o'in halayen da ke faruwa har yanzu, sabili da haka, miyagun ƙwayoyi ba zai tasiri ba idan aka yi amfani dashi a cikin mutane.
Yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa sau da yawa a cikin nazarin halittu na farko an yi a cikin dabbobin mutum ba kamar tsuntsaye ba.
Wadannan nazarin suna bawa damar samun damar ganin yadda kwayoyi ke aiki a cikin sauran hanyoyin jiki. Duk da haka mice da mutane suna da muhimmai bambance-bambance. Wani lokaci magungunan da ke da tasiri a cikin ƙananan yara bazai iya tasiri a cikin mutane ba (kuma a madadin haka) saboda bambancin dake tattare da nau'in.
Nazarin cikin wallafe-wallafe
Idan ka dubi nazarin da aka yi don kimanta maganin ciwon daji-ko wasu jiyya-duba don ganin wane irin binciken da yake da shi (in vivo vs in vitro) wani muhimmin mataki ne na farko. Ilimin nazarin A vitro yana da mahimmanci sosai kuma ya kasance da zurfin bincike domin bincike, amma yawancin waɗannan binciken sun bayyana abubuwan da suke da ban sha'awa-amma ba zai shafe ka ba a matsayin mutum na dan lokaci kadan. Ya bambanta, a cikin nazarin halittu suna kallon ainihin tasiri kan kwayoyin halitta-ko dabba ne na dabba ko mutum. Yana iya zama wani lokaci-idan binciken ya zama nazarin dabba-har sai an kwatanta kwayoyi ko hanyoyi a cikin mutane, amma wannan mataki ne mafi kusa da amfani da shi a rayuwa ta ainihi.
Misalai: Sabbin magungunan ƙwayoyin cutar jijiyoyin kwayar cutar kanjamau ana nazarin su ne a vitro kafin ayi nazarin su a cikin gwajin gwaji a kan mutane.
> Sources:
> FDA. Nazarin Interaction na Drug: Nazarin Nazarin, Tattalin Bayanan Bayanai, Abubuwan Dama don Bayyanawa da Labarin Rubutun. Fabrairu 2012. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm292362.pdf
> Killkenny, C. et al. Nazarin dabba: Rahoto a cikin gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwajen: LABARIN RUWA. British Journal of Pharmacology . 2010. 160 (7): 1577-179.
> Saeidnia, S., Manayi, A., da kuma Mr. Abdollahi. Daga Gwajiyoyin In Vitro da Nazarin Harkokin Gudanarwa; Sharuɗɗa da Fursunoni. Harkokin Kimiyya na Drug na yau da kullum . 2015. 12 (4): 218-24.