Abin da Test Testing Ya Bayyana Mu kuma Ba Ya Faɗar Mu
Mutane da yawa tsofaffi zasu saba da gwajin antigen (PSA) wanda likitoci suke amfani dashi don nunawa ga ciwon daji na prostate. Duk da yake mutane da yawa za su koma zuwa gare shi a matsayin "gwajin cutar karuwanci," ba lallai ya gane ciwon daji ba sai dai ƙananan fuka kanta.
PSA wani furotin ne na musamman wanda ya haifar da glandan prostate.
Idan akwai mummunan cuta ko kamuwa da glanden, ƙashin da zai haifar zai haifar da sakin ƙarin antigens. Mafi girman matakin PSA, mafi girma da ƙumburi.
Labaran ƙwayar cuta ne kawai daga cikin yanayin da gwajin PSA zai iya taimakawa wajen gano asalin. Yayin da PSA mai girma zai iya nuna damuwa game da rashin lafiya, gwajin kadai ba zai iya ba da ganewar asali ba. Don haka, ana buƙatar wasu gwaje-gwaje da jarrabawa.
Ƙananan dalilai masu ban sha'awa daga wani babban PSA
Kwararrun PSA ya amince da ita ta Cibiyar Abinci da Drug ta Amurka a shekara ta 1986 don lura da cigaba da cutar ciwon tabarba a cikin maza da aka gano da cutar. A shekara ta 1994, ya bayyana cewa jarrabawar yana da mahimmanci wajen gano ƙwaƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin in ba haka ba maza.
Yayinda cutar ciwon sutura ta kasance ainihin abin da ake damu da damuwa, wasu yanayi marar rikici ba zai iya sa PSA ya tashi. Mafi yawan waɗannan shine prostatitis (ƙumburi glandan prostate).
Yana da, a gaskiya ma, yawancin matsaloli na prostate a cikin maza a cikin shekaru 50 kuma zasu iya daukar nau'i-nau'i daban-daban:
- Magungunan kwayan cutar prostatitis, mafi yawan lokuta sukan haifar da cutar kwayoyin cutar daga urinary fili cikin glandan prostate
- Kwanan kwayan cuta prostatitis, halin ci gaba da kumburi
- Yanayi marasa kwanciyar hankali wanda ba na musamman ba, wanda za'a iya samun bayyanar cututtuka amma babu wani sananne
- Magungunan prostatitis na asymptomatic, wanda abin ƙyama yake ba amma ba tare da wani alamu ba
Wani dalili na matakan PSA haɓaka shine ƙananan hyperplasia na prostatic (BPH) , yanayin da gland shine kanta ya kara girma. BPH an fara gani ne a cikin tsofaffi kuma yana iya haifar da alamun urinary rashin lafiya, ciki har da rashin lalata urinary flow. Duk da yake ba a bayyana cikakkiyar abin da ke haifar da BPH ba, mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa za su kasance da dangantaka da canje-canje a cikin jima'i na jima'i yayin da mutane suka tsufa.
BPH ba ƙari ba ne kuma ba alamar ciwon daji ba. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci don tantancewa da kuma bi da shi kamar yadda zai iya haifar da rikitarwa irin su cututtuka na urinary (UTIs) , duwatsu masu mafitsara, lalacewar mafitsara, da kuma lalacewar koda.
Binciken Ciwon Ƙwayar Ciwon Ƙari
A baya, likitoci sunyi la'akari da matakin PSA na 4.0 ko žasa don zama al'ada. Idan matakan sun kasance sama da 4.0, likitoci za suyi la'akari da cewa su zama jan jawo don ciwon daji kuma su umarci biopsy .
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, duk da haka, likitoci sun fahimci cewa babu wani darajar PSA ta "al'ada". A gaskiya ma, maza da ƙananan PSA zasu iya kawo karshen ciwon ciwon daji, yayin da waɗanda ke tare da PSA da ke sama da 4.0 na iya zama cikakkun marasa ciwo.
Saboda haka, sharuɗɗa na yau da kullum suna bada shawarar yin amfani da duka PSA da jarrabawar dubban dijital (DRE) a matsayin ɓangare na tantancewar ciwon ciwon gurguwar karuwan ciwon sankara.
DRE shine jarrabawar jiki wanda aka sanya yatsan a cikin dubun don auna girman da daidaito da gland. An yi shi ba tare da la'akari da dabi'un PSA ba kuma zai iya zama da amfani wajen gano duk wani abu da ba a gano ta hanyar gwajin PSA ba.
Ana gwada gwajin PSA da DRE a cikin maza fiye da 50 da wadanda ke tsakanin shekarun 40 da 49 wanda ɗan'uwa ko mahaifinsa ya samu ciwon ciwon gurba. Dangane da sakamakon gwaje-gwaje, waɗannan zasu biyo baya:
- Idan ba a ɗaukaka PSA ba kuma DRE na al'ada, likita na iya bayar da shawarar wani nunawa a cikin shekara guda.
- Idan an ɗaga PSA amma babu alamun jini ko rashin hauka, likita na iya bayar da shawarar wani gwajin PSA don tabbatar da sakamakon. Idan har yanzu yana da tsawo, likita zai so ya saka idanu a yanayin lokaci don duba duk wani canje-canje.
- Idan PSA ya yi tsawo kuma akwai tarkon m, likita na iya bayar da shawarar ƙarin gwaje-gwajen ciki har da gwajin gwaji (don gwada gwajin UTI), hasken X, hasken dan tayi , ko cystoscopy . Idan ana jin dadin cutar ciwon gurbaci, ana bada shawarar bada biopsy.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa: Cibiyoyin Lafiya na kasa. "Ƙwararren ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta (PSA)." Bethesda, Maryland; sabunta Oktoba 4, 2017.
> Pinky, P .; Prorok, P .; da kuma Kramer, B. "Shirye-shiryen Ciwon Cutar Canjin Tsarin Ciwon Magunguna - Binciken Watsa Labari a kan Jihar Yanzu na Shaida." N Eng J Med. 2017; 376: 1285-89. DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMsb1616281.