Hanyoyin hanzari shine ƙuntatawa na trachea , ko iska, saboda samuwar tsohuwar jikin mutum ko gurguntaccen kayan guringuntsi a cikin trachea. Duk da yake ba a iya ganewa da sauƙi ba a cikin trachea, raguwa mai yawa na fiye da kashi 50 cikin hawan jirgin sama na iya haifar da rikitarwa mai tsanani. Sakamakon sauye-sauye na 3 mafi yawan tasirin tracheal stenosis shine:
- Sanya ci gaba da wani bututu na endotracheal (breathing tube) ko tracheostomy
- Ƙunƙashin ƙwayar cutar ciwon jini
- Collagen na jijiyoyin bugun jini (granulomatosis tare da polyangitis, wanda aka fi sani da Wegener granulomatosis)
Wasu sanannun sanannun sun hada da:
- Abubuwa mara kyau (nakasa haihuwa)
- Cutar
- Inhalation yana konewa
- Radiation far
- Cutar cututtuka
- Cututtuka na inflammatory (sarcoidosis ko amyloidosis)
- Ciwon daji
A cikin ciwon daji da nakasar jiki, ana amfani da jirgin sama ko daga waje da trachea, ko kuma ta hanyar ƙuntatawa daga ƙwayar kayan aiki. Sauran cututtuka na stenosis yawanci sukan fara tare da ulceration a cikin trachea. Tsarin ya fara farawa na ƙumburi , wanda shine tsari na warkaswa na al'ada, wanda zai iya zama ƙari kuma ya haifar da wani abu da ya fi dacewa fiye da yadda zai zama dole. Ƙarin wannan ƙwayar cuta yana rushe yankin a cikin trachea.
Dama na Tracheal Stenosis
Hakan da ake samu na stenosis ya dogara ne a kan hanyar tarkon tracheal.
Cigabawar lalacewa na intanet zai iya zama na kowa, duk da haka haɗarin bayyanar cututtuka yawanci ƙasa da kashi 2 cikin dari. Wadannan abubuwa masu haɗari za su kara yawan yiwuwar samun post-intubation ko tracheostomy alaka tracheal stenosis:
- Mace
- Girma
- Ciwon sukari
- Hawan jini
- Ciwon zuciya
Ƙararwar intanet ko matsanancin haɗari na post-tracheostomy za a iya ragewa idan ana aikata wannan yayin yayin ICU:
- Samun ciwon endoctracheal ko tracheostomy motsa jiki daga tsakanin 20 zuwa 30 cm na ruwa
- Yin rigakafi na kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar kulawa da kyau ta hanyar yin amfani da su tare da yin amfani da su kamar yadda ake buƙata don hana kamuwa da cuta ko yin amfani da hanyoyi tare da kullun
- Kunna motsi na motsawa a waje da bakin don taimakawa matsa lamba
- Kula da isasshen isasshen motsi
- Rage rikitarwa tare da numfashi na numfashi yayin sakawa da kuma hana haɗuwa da haɗari idan ka sami jirgin sama mai wuyar gaske.
Hanyoyin hanzari na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin alamun farko da aka gani a granulomatosis tare da polyangitis. Tsarkewa zai iya faruwa game da kashi 16 zuwa 23 na lokaci. Babu bayanai da yawa a kan ƙaddarawa a wasu ƙananan cututtuka na tracheal stenosis.
Cutar cututtuka na Tracheal Stenosis
A cikin cututtuka na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, tsinkayyi mai sauƙi za'a iya kuskuren zama kuskuren azaman fuka ko ƙwayar mashako. Tare da ƙwayar hanzari, zaku iya gano bayyanar cututtuka har sai bayan yaro ko samari lokacin da bayyanar cututtuka sun zama kamar wahalar numfashi tare da motsa jiki. A lokuta mafi tsanani na cututtuka na al'ada, zaka iya lura da wadannan alamun bayyanar:
- Ƙarfin ƙarewa (ƙararrawar motsi)
- Cyanotic, tare da launi mara kyau
- Sarauta tare da inhalation
- Ƙananan gajere na numfashi (dyspnea)
A wasu lokuta na samfuran tracheal stenosis, da alamar cututtuka bazai gabatar da kansu ba don da yawa makonni bayan an samu rauni. Difficulty da numfashi shine ainihin alama ta farko. Kamar kamannin cututtuka na al'ada, zaku iya lura da hanzari, tayarwa, ko rashin ƙarfi na numfashi.
Sanin asali na Tracheal Stenosis
Ana iya amfani da hanyoyi masu gwaji da dama don taimakawa likitan ku ƙayyade ko kuna da stenosis ko a'a. Bronchoscopy an dauke da "Gold Standard" don bincikar cututtuka ta hanyar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta saboda likitanku zai iya ganin rayukan ku a cikin hanzari.
Duk da haka, akwai wasu haɗari da suke haɗuwa da wannan saboda yin amfani da ikon yin amfani da shi zai kara hana jirgin sama ɗinka, saboda haka rike ƙaranin oxygenation zai iya zama mafi wuya. Tattauna kan abubuwan da ke tattare da halayen da ke tattare da bronchoscopy tare da likitanka.
Sauran hanyoyin da likitanku zai iya amfani da su sun hada da x-ray, CT scan, duban dan tayi, MRI, da gwajin gwaji. Harsunan radiyo masu kyau suna da kyau a gane da tsarin, ginshiƙan iska, damuwa, da sauran bayanan farko. Za'a iya amfani da wasu na'urorin rayuka x-rayuka masu mahimmanci (xeroradiography) don kara gano stenoosis, duk da haka haɗakarwar radiation ta fi girma fiye da sauran hanyoyi.
CT dubawa zai iya kasancewa mai kyau ga likitan ku don sanin ko kuna da stenosis ko a'a. Yana da, duk da haka, yana da matsala wajen gano abubuwan laushi masu laushi na ƙuntatawa na trachea. Ana amfani da wasu fasahohi a hanyar da za su haifar da "endoscopy na kirkiro" don rage girman da ake bukata a gare ku don yin tasiri. Duk da haka, CT baƙi ba hanya mai mahimmanci ba don gano wani mummunan mataki na stenosis.
Duban dan tayi zai iya taimakawa wajen gane yawan iska a cikin trachea. Wannan ya ba likitan ku izinin sanin ko yayinda gwaji zai iya zama dole, duk da haka, saboda yawan gwargwadon gwiwar kewaye da trachea, ana iya yin tambaya akan gaskiyar gwajin saboda sakamakon inuwa da ke haifar da raguwar motsin motsi a cikin guringunti. Ka bar wannan gwajin kawai ga wadanda suke da kwarewa a gano magungunan tracheal ta hanyar duban dan tayi.
MRI dubawa ma wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci don taimakawa wajen bincikar cututtuka, kuma a cikin yara ana daukar su a matsayin hanyar daidaitacciyar hanya. Babban mahimmanci na MRI shine tsawon lokacin da kake buƙatar aikatawa don yin aikin da kuma damuwa wanda zai iya faruwa daga numfashi na al'ada yayin gwajin. Ana inganta ci gaban dabarun don inganta ingantaccen amfani da wannan ƙwayar ta hanyar bincikar cututtuka na tracheal stenosis.
Za a iya gwada gwajin gwaji a wasu ofisoshin likita, ko kuma idan babu, za a aika da ku a cikin labaran huhu. Wannan gwajin za a iya amfani dashi don sanin yawancin tasirin da ke tattare da shi yana da hana hana numfashinka. Wannan zai taimaka wajen tattaunawa game da maganin maganin likita tare da likitan ku.
Jiyya na Tracheal Stenosis
Yawancin zaɓuɓɓuka sun kasance don maganin ƙwaƙwalwar tracheal stenosis kuma likita za su tattauna abin da zaɓuɓɓuka su ne mafi banƙyama kuma suna da damar samun kyakkyawar sakamako ga kulawarka. Yawancin jiyya sune hanyoyin endoscopic da ake buƙatar hangen nesa na trachea. Idan yankin stenosis ne ƙananan, ajiye stent, dilating your trachea tare da balloon, ko cire wasu daga cikin wulakan nama tare da laser zai taimaka wajen rage girman stenosis. A lokacin wadannan hanyoyi, likitanku na iya ƙwage nama a cikin trachea tare da steroids don taimakawa rage girman kullun.
Don ƙarin cututtuka mai tsanani, likitanku na iya bayar da shawarar yin bincike na tracheal, wanda ke buƙatar tiyata. Wannan tsari ana adana lokacin da cututtuka endoscopic sun kasa, ko cututtukan ƙwayar cututtuka sunyi tsanani ga hanyoyin endoscopic. A lokacin wannan hanya, likitanku zai yanke ɓangaren trachea wanda ke shafar kuma gyara hanyarku tare da fata ko kunnen kunnuwan.
Bayan aikin tiyata, za ku iya samun damar cire motsi na numfashi a lokacin dawowa daga cutar. Duk da haka, idan akwai mummunan kumburi, za'a yi amfani da wasu hanyoyi masu yawa. A wannan yanayin, zaka iya tsammanin za a sanya ku a kan steroid don tsawon awa 24 zuwa 48 har da diuretic kamar Lasix. Masu jinya naka ma za su tabbatar da kai kan gadonka da girman digiri 30 ko fiye. Bayan sa'o'i 48, za ku koma cikin dakin aiki don a cire maɓallin motsi. Idan har yanzu ba za ku iya tallafawa filin jirgin sama ba, za a saka tracheostomy don kula da filin jirgin sama. Saboda yanayin haɗuwa da wannan jiyya, an dauki shi a matsayin mafaka bayan da wasu hanyoyin maganin sun kasa.
> Sources:
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