Wani tunanin kwayoyin halitta da wani abin da ya faru ya haifar da wasu cututtuka na arthritis. Alal misali, masu bincike sun ƙaddara cewa kimanin kashi 40 cikin mutanen da ke tare da psoriasis ko cututtuka na psoriatic suna da tarihin iyali na cututtukan da suka shafi dangi na farko. Bincike na iyali sun nuna cewa arthritis psoriatic yana da sau 55 a cikin ƙananan halayen mutanen da ke dauke da cutar idan aka kwatanta da kulawar da ba tare da dangantaka ba.
A cikin nazarin kwayoyin halitta, kalmar da ake magana a hankali tana nufin ma'anar kamala a cikin jima'i na tagwaye game da kasancewa ko rashin cuta. Hanyoyin da ake yi don maganin arthritis (kashi 30) yana da muhimmanci fiye da psoriasis (kashi 7). Nazarin jima'i a cikin psoriasis sun nuna babban haɗayyar juna tsakanin ma'aurata masu kama da ma'aurata biyu.
Tabbatar da kwayoyin da suke da alaƙa da yiwuwar zuwa wata cuta ba ƙananan aiki ba ne. Yana iya ƙunsa:
- Nazarin haɗuwar iyalan iyali: Binciken clustering wani cuta a cikin iyalai.
- Binciken rarraba: Tabbatar ko wata babbar jinsi an haɗa shi da rarraba wani siffar siffar phenotypic (watau alama mai lura).
- Yin bincike tsakanin linzami: Gano ƙungiyar da ke tsakanin jinsin da ke bisa wurin su a kan chromosome.
- Ƙungiyar ƙungiyar: Bincike dangantaka daga bayanan bayanai, a wannan yanayin, gano kwayoyin dan takara ko yankuna masu haɓaka wanda ke taimakawa ga wata cuta.
- Nazarin aiki don fayyace kwayoyin halitta: Yin nazarin bambancin yanayi ko gwagwarmaya na aikin gwaji wanda ya shafi kwayoyin, chromosomes, da sauransu.
Sauti mai rikitarwa da rikicewa? Yana da, kamar yadda za a iya zama nomenclature . Amma, bari mu dubi abin da aka samo.
HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen)
Binciken MHC (babban tarihin tarihin tarihi) akan chromosome 6 yana da muhimmanci wajen nazarin abubuwan kwayoyin a cikin rubutun cututtuka na psoriatic.
An gano abubuwa masu yawa da aka gano. Akwai ƙungiya sanannen ƙungiyar HLA (yankin mutum wanda ke dauke da antigen) na MHC da aka sani a matsayin HLA-C, kuma musamman HLA-Cw6, kuma mai yiwuwa ga psoriasis. Ƙungiyar HLA-Cw6 tana da raunana a cikin ilimin cututtuka na psoriatic, inda HLA-B27 ke haɗuwa da karfi (musamman ma mutanen da ke da alamar cututtuka na cututtuka na psoriatic), kamar HLA-B38 da HLA-B39. HLA-Cw6 yana hade da farkon farkon psoriasis (kasa da shekaru 40) da kuma cututtuka masu tsanani. Daga wasu antigens HLA, an san cewa HLA-B13, HLA-B17, HLA-B57, da HLA-Cw * 0602 suna faruwa akai-akai a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da cututtukan arbaran jini kamar yadda yawancin jama'a suke.
Wadannan alamu (daya daga cikin nau'i biyu ko fiye da nau'o'in jinsin dake haifuwa ta maye gurbi, wanda aka gano a wuri ɗaya akan chromosome) an gano cewa za'a danganta shi da hawan ƙwayar cututtuka na psoriatic idan aka kwatanta da psoriasis: B * 8, B * 27, B * 38, da C * 06. Akwai HLA haplotypes (rukuni na kwayoyin da aka gada tare daga iyayensu guda daya) wanda ke hade da maganin cututtuka na psoriatic: B * 18, C * 07, B * 27, B38, da B * 8.
Yayin da aka ce HLA-B27 yana da darajar tayarwa na maganin arthritis da psoriasis, ba shakka ba ne.
Hanya na HLA-B27 ya fi girma a cikin spondylitis da kuma maganin arthritis wanda ya dace idan aka kwatanta da ilimin cututtuka na psoriatic. Har ila yau, ya kamata a ambata cewa mutane da yawa waɗanda suke da psoriasis da kuma ɗaya daga cikin spondyloarthropathies ba su da kyau ga HLA-B27. Har ila yau, mutane da yawa da cututtukan arthritis wadanda ke da dadi ga HLA-B27 ba su nuna ƙaddarar ƙira ba.
Wasu nazarin sun nuna wata ƙungiya tsakanin cututtukan cututtuka na psoriatic da HLA-DR4 , antigen da aka sani da ake hade da cutar arthritis . Kalmomin sun bambanta tsakanin yanayin biyu, duk da haka, tare da HLA-DRB1 * 0401 ba su da yawa a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da maganin cututtuka na psoriatic wanda ke da kyau ga HLA-DRB1 * 04 fiye da mutanen da ke dauke da ciwon hauka.
Kuskuren na gaskiya ne ga HLA-DRB1 * 0402, wanda ya fi sau da yawa a cikin rubutun cututtuka na psoriatic fiye da arthritis na rheumatoid. Sauran kwayoyin halitta a cikin yankin MHC sunyi nazari kuma.
GWAS (Ƙungiyar Gudanar da Ƙungiyar Gida ta Gida)
Kungiyar GWAS da ke ci gaba da daidaitawa ta kirkiro ƙididdigar kwayoyin halitta a tsakanin mutane daban-daban don ƙoƙarin gano ko akwai wani bambancin da ke hade da wani hali. A cewar Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology (2014), kwayoyin 36 sun kai gagarumar tasiri kuma suna da kimanin kashi 22 cikin dari na rashin lafiyar psoriasis. Masarar da aka gano ta hanyar GWAS wadanda aka fi sani a cikin psoriasis sun hada da HLA-Cw6, IL12B, IL23R, IL23A, TNIP1, TNFAIP3, LCE3B-LCE3C, TRAF3IP2, NFKBIA, FBXL19, TYK2, IFIH1, REL, da ERAP1. Masarar da aka gano ta GWAS da suke da mahimmanci a cikin maganin cututtuka na psoriatic sun hada da HLA-B / C, HLA-B, IL-12B, IL-23R, TNIP1, TRAF3IP2, FBXL19, da REL.
Layin Ƙasa
Idan kana da wani dan uwan da ke dauke da ilimin cututtuka na psoriatic, koyo cewa karatun da aka nuna a sau 55 ya fi yiwuwar bunkasa yanayin zai yiwu, a hankali, zama damuwa. Dauke kanka da ilimi mai kyau - watakila kuna da kuskure game da yanayin da gaskiyar zasu iya taimakawa wajen daidaitawa, rage damuwa. Kuma, ba shakka, kasancewa tare da masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya.
Sources:
Tattaunawa na nazarin ƙididdigar iyali tare da tsarin ƙaddamar da hadarin. Matthews AG et al. Stat Med. 2008 Oktoba 30; 27 (24): 5076-5092.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2562890/
Genetics of Psoriatic Arthritis. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology. O'Reilly DD et al. 2014 Oktoba; 28 (5): 673-85.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25488777
Hanyoyin cututtukan Arthritis. Na zamani. Gladman da Ritchlin. Bincike Mayu 2016.
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-of-psoriatic-arthritis
Genetics of Psoriasis da Psoriatic Arthritis. Littafin Indiya na Labaran Halitta. V. Chandran. 2010 Apr-Jun.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2887520/
Psritic Arthritis. Binciken. Kayan Halitta. Kelley's Textbook na Rheumatology. Babi na 77. Tsarin na tara. Elsevier.